Managing Growth Essay

Sunflower Nutraceuticals (SNC) operates on a very tight cash flow. The past has not been had resources to stay above the water. SNC has been looking at some new projects and for the past nine years the projects and their impact on SNC’s financial impact has been tracked. In the first phase of these new projects two were applied to SNC. Acquiring a New Customer Atlantic Wellness was acquired as a new customer. Sales were increased significantly which in return also increased accounts receivable and inventory balances. This was a good decisions because as sales increase so does income. Additional accounts receivable and inventory can cause more overhead but can always be controlled. Leveraging Supplier Discounts With a new customer top-line growth was achieved. With the added expenses of more accounts receivable and inventory needs the cash flow for these three years was drained. It was however, offset by an added increase in EBIT due to favorable contracts. For the next three years two more projects were acquired. After the rapid increase in top-line growth and the increases it showed, SNC decided to pursue a new project that put SNC’s products into Mega-Mart Inc. retail. This once again increased top-line growth which drives sales higher, it consistently strained the EBIT. Developing a Private Label Since retail has immersed for SNC a private label seemed logical to stand out for consumers. Starting the branding process for SNC. The sale of the private label drove EBIT up again balancing out the next three years. The final three years and the final projects were critical. Since one project after another has off-set each other there is still a need to increase SNC’s cash flow and sales. High-Risk Customer Acquiring a high risk customer was a decision made with careful consideration. Since EBIT and net income were stable, sales was the next thing that needed to increase. Taking on Midwest Miracles increased the sales volume but the impact on the accounts receivables were large. Now there is talk in the business circle that Midwest Miracles is looking to file chapter 11 bankruptcy. This now leaves SNC with the option of possibly writing off a portion of the accounts receivable that has not been collected. Decisions The projects that were adapted by SNC showed that the financial resources can be forecasted and balanced with the right amount of research. Along with the increases and stabilizations SNC’s available credit line that was negative in 2012 when the financial restructure projects started remained steady through 2021. The total current assets also increased each year proving to SNC’s shareholders that a rapid increase in the value of the company has happened. Working Capital Effects â€Å"In business accounting, working capital is a benchmark measure of your company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations. It’s calculated by taking your business’ current assets and subtracting its current liabilities. Current assets are those that can or will be converted to cash in the next year. The major current assets are cash, accounts receivable and inventory. Current liabilities are obligations that must be fulfilled within the next year. For a typical company, the major current liabilities are accounts payable, accrued liabilities (such as wages earned by workers but not yet paid, or rent expenses incurred but not paid), and debt payments† (Chron, 2012). SNC’s total liabilities were up after the nine years of projects. Reference The Effect of Revenue Increase on Working Capital. (2014). Retrieved from

Fundamental Elements of a Story Essay

This essay is going to talk about three different points: What are the types of effect that the writer can leave on his readers by his story? How important is the writer’s style to make his story access into his readers’ minds? What are the possible ways that the writer could use to make his theme noticed in his story? What are the Different Ways a Story’s Format Affects the Reader’s Comprehension? Positive effect The format of the story must be effective for the reader; if the form of the story is well organized the reader’s comprehension will be affected. The writer must organize the story elements and build a connection between all of these elements. Negative effect The format of the story could be not effective for the reader because of unorganized story structure. The way that the writer is telling his point of view doesn’t affect readers properly. In What Ways do the Style and Point of View in a Story Format Effects the Delivery of that Story? The style and the point of view are important because the writer is the story teller. When the writer’s point of view is cleared and detailed his story becomes effective (Story, 2007). How can the Theme be Evident throughout a Story’s Elements? The theme can be evident depending on how the writer includes it in the story elements. For example, according to critics Joseph Conrad in his novel ‘Heart of Darkness’ showed his racist personality and negative attitude towards women (Student Resources, 2008). Conclusion A story acceptance depends on the style of the author; maybe most readers will love it or hate it. The writer could write a story in 2 different ways with one 1 theme; the level of acceptance will not be the same in both cases. References Elements of the Short Story. (2007). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www. scribblingwomen. org/elements. htm Student Resources. (2008). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www. josephconradsociety. org/student_resources. htm

Self Evaluation of Personal and Academic Skills Essay

Self Evaluation of Personal and Academic Skills - Essay Example Through this I have been able to benefit from their contributions and I have also strengthened my weak academic areas. I am excellent at managing writing skills appropriately, through the use of internet and with the assistance of my lectures ,I effectively utilize my writing and reading skills to get all my assignments done .I am also highly determined an perseverance when faced with tight deadlines. I understand that my parent have made the sacrifice of taking my to college and that my future depends on my education. So I don’t give up easily but strive until I get what I want .I know how to utilize all the sources available at the school and at home, I mostly use the internet and the library whenever I am required to read more. I know that he best consultation is from my lecturers and so I approach them for clarification in case of any difficulty. Higher education learning requires a number of skills for a student to be successful, some of these skills are research and anal ysis skills, one needs to carry out several researchers both in the on the internet, in the library and in the field. This will assist the student to solve academic and even personal problems that arise during the session. A successful student needs to have good communication skills . good communication skills enables one to work with others and leads to problem solving because no man is an island on of himself. The ability to manage tasks leads to completion of assignments given at the right time and in the correct way .A higher education students also requires to have the ability to manage oneself, through discipline, proper time management, belief in oneself and good grooming and hard work , success is likely to be achieved. Further more, applying of design and creativity, working through agendas and decision making tools are needed in Higher education learning because without them , a student may find it very difficult to work in accordance with the set guidelines (Levine & Sun, 2010). From my evaluation, I realize that I am faced with a number of gaps that may pose a challenge to achieving my academic goals. One of them is poor decision making skills, I always find it difficult to arrive at a decision and stick on it for example I may decide to undertake a certain project but if convinced otherwise, I end up going for another. I also find it difficult in working out agendas; this may be due to poor time management and lack of decisiveness. Having difficulty in working out agendas is also contributed to by low levels of creativity design and layout and lack of adequate trust in myself. Section 2 Plan of Action for Improvement of Academic Skills Every individual has a set of weaknesses in regard to achieving academic success, personally I have weaknesses in decision making, working out agendas, have belief in myself and having high level of creativity I layout and design. However, I understand that I can still work towards overcoming the challenges I face. T o fill the gaps, I plan to undertake the following actions. Decision Making To improve my decision making skills ,I will carry out the following activities I will be weighing costs versus benefits Ensure that I am relaxed when making a decision Consult with my team members and always Consider alternatives before I make a decision Working out agenda To ensure that I work out all the set agendas in a timely and orderly manner,I will practice the following Improve on networking and public relations Have great

Strategic Management and Finance Research Paper

Strategic Management and Finance - Research Paper Example 1,670,000 Net cash flow per year 690,000610,0001,350,0001,505,0001,670,000 Net Present Value: Present Cash Flows PV Factors Value Year 1 690,000 0.8929616,071 Year 2 610,000 0.7972486,288 Year 3 1,350,000 0.7118960,903 Year 4 1,505,000 0.6355956,455 Year 5 1,670,000 0.5674947,603 Salvage return 700,000 0.5674397,199 Total 4,364,519 Investment (10,000,000) Net Present Value (5,635,481) Payback Period: Net Remaining Cash Flow Investment Payback period is Longer than the project life of 5 years Investment 10,000,000 Year 1690,0009,310,000 Year 2 610,0008,700,000 Year 3 1,350,0007,350,000 Year 4 1,505,0005,845,000 Year 5 2,370,0003,475,000 Scheme 2 Net Cash Flow per Year Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Expected annual cash receipts from sales2,600,0002,800,0003,000,0003,200,0003,500,0003,500,000 Expected annual costs of new product Cash expenses 1,550,0001,620,0001,720,0001,810,0001,930,0002,060,000Depreciation expense 583,333583,333583,333583,333583,333583,333 Net income 466,667596,667696,667806,667986,667856,667 Net cash flow per year 466,667...The reduction in the inventory turnover resulted from the significant increase in the stocks. This increase might be a result of the company's hedging for foreseen price increases. The Board should accept Scheme 2. Based on NPV, it has a much lower negative NPV than Scheme 1. Moreover, it has a shorter payback period than Scheme 2, which according to the above calculations will never be able to pay back the company's 10,000,000 investment. PT Trada Maritimes debuted in the Indonesia Stock Exchange on September 2, 2008 (Trada Maritime 2008). Right after its debut, the stock price reached as high as 27 per cent of its IPO price. The company went public as a result of its additional capital requirements on its expansion plan for 2009. Trada Maritimes plans to spend as much as $315 million to purchase additional vessels over the next five years (Trada Maritime 2008). Globus Maritime Limited received the International IPO of the Year on February 1, 2008 at the Quoted Company Awards (Reuters 2008). Globus was first listed in the London Stock Exchange under its AIM index in June 2007 at an IPO price of 300 pence (www.timagenislaw.com; www.investegate.co.uk). Right after its debut, the price of the company's stock skyrocketed as show in the graph below. Reuters 2008, 'Globus Maritime Limited Receives the 'International IPO of the Year' at the Quoted', Reuters, [Online] Retr

Comparative analysis of Elkins historical interpretation of slavery Essay

Comparative analysis of Elkins historical interpretation of slavery with James McPhersons interpretation in Ordeal by Fire - Essay Example ze the similarities and differences between the two authors, the relevance of their treatments – fact versus anecdote – and which of the two can be said – in the light of hindsight – to have most accurately described antebellum slavery. Elkins’ and McPherson’s books represent two very differing accounts of slavery and are separated in time by almost a quarter of a century. Elkins discusses the subject in general terms, and advances two main arguments:- It is now appropriate to expand the argument and discuss the points of agreement and disagreement between the two authors and to consider – in the light of history – whose arguments represent the most appropriate view of US slavery Elkins believed that â€Å"the behavior you exhibit is who you are† (Elkins,1959); he maintained that slavery was †so degrading and dehumanizing that slaves lost their identities and became â€Å"Sambos† [docile, child-like, content and striving for attention] The different attitudes to slavery in the North and South of the country were profound; in the North slaves worked mainly as domestic servants, while those in the South were employed in agriculture – originally on three crops: tobacco, rice and indigo, and later on cotton as well. In the North, by the nineteenth century, strong feelings developed that it was not acceptable for one man to own another, and the abolitionists gained strength due to influence of the Quakers, Methodists and other factions. Elkins (1959) wrote â€Å"To the Northern reformer, every other concrete fact concerning slavery was dwarfed by its character as a moral evil – as an obscenity condemned by God and universally offensive to humanity† (Elkins, 1959). Many Northern church dignitaries believed that while one slave remained the whole populace was culpable [Cain and Abel – â€Å"his brother’s keeper†]. In the South, by contrast, it was held that slavery â€Å"was a positive moral good – a necessary arrangement sanctioned in

The concept of Deterrence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The concept of Deterrence - Essay Example There are a number of hindrances to deterrence, for example, the level of literacy to the group being deterred can cause a major challenge. Another challenge as Bunn put it that, deterrence to a certain extent towards the non-state actors/terrorists could be seen as an oxymoron, because of their suicidal nature (Bunn, p.4). Looking back at the situation during the cold war deterrence was not a very useful strategy. Evidenced by Almog in his article, US and Soviet Union both used deterrence against each other but failed to prevent the Korean War and Vietnam War (5). He further goes ahead and explains that deterrence can work against non-state actors. For example he gives the situation in Israel where deterrence has worked for over 50yrs and still practiced successfully (6). Almog suggest that for the war on deterrence to be effective it requires: inducements that turn emerging terrorists away from their vicious impulses (6).It is possible to deter rogue states and groups since their l eadership is dedicated to staying in power. Group assessment on specific actors has to be carried in order to provide information and analysis to be used in tailoring deterrence on each actor. To deter the enemy must perceive the ally as having the capability and will to carry out the threatened actions (Bunn 5). This is why the US is putting place strategies to strengthen its credibility across the spectrum and a series of deterrence options to act against its adversaries.This statement indeed applies to the modern strategic environment.... Group assessment on specific actors has to be carried in order to provide information and analysis to be used in tailoring deterrence on each actor. To deter the enemy must perceive the ally as having the capability and will to carry out the threatened actions (Bunn 5). This is why the US is putting place strategies to strengthen its credibility across the spectrum and a series of deterrence options to act against its adversaries. Conclusion Looking at the article in this essay it is evident that as much as terrorist group may have beliefs that encourage suicide and martyrdom, it is still possible to investigate and target what such groups value most and tailor make an effective deterrence strategy, just as Bunn put it (1). Therefore we can conclude that deterrence can be used against non-state actors as a military strategy although it faces some limitations. War termination Introduction Davis Hanson exposes the modern wars â€Å"messy, confused, and non-traditional, but from his po int of view, â€Å"victory† is a timeless military reality of making an enemy concede through force and diplomacy to your political objectives.†Ã‚   (National Review Online, 22 September 2010). This statement indeed applies to the modern strategic environment. Why the concept of victory is less relevant in today’s strategic environment The earlier concept of ‘victory’ as historian Davis Hanson put it that â€Å"†¦is a timeless military reality of making enemies concede through force and diplomacy to your political objectives.†Ã‚   (National Review Online, 22 September 2010).  For example ever since World War I, the disintegration of empires has produced over one hundred new states in the international system, and with this has come more turmoil. Additionally, at

The study in economic factors affecting on the value of Stock Exchange Literature review

The study in economic factors affecting on the value of Stock Exchange of Thailand Index (SET index) - Literature review Example Ross states that the theory predicts the returns on assets and the other risk factors. The theory allows determining the relationship between return of a portfolio and return of an asset. The theory has been applied to determine macroeconomic factors to determine stock through examining seven macroeconomic variables that are risk premium, industrial production, inflation, market return, consumption, and oil prices. The results depict a positive relation between macroeconomic variables and stock return. The fundamental concept in arbitrage pricing theory is the ‘law of one price’ that is, that the two assets cannot be sold  at different prices. The theory determines simpler version than the Capital Asset pricing model in which one operating system affects the returns. Arbitrage pricing theory determines investor’s preference towards risks. Azzez & Yonezawa (2006) study investigates the empirical evidence for the pricing of macroeconomic factors in the Japanese St ock market using APT model. The model determines pre- and post- bubble period of the stock market and determine the relationship between the macroeconomic factors and stock returns (Azeez & Yonezawa, 2006). The study of Zhu (2012) illustrates the impacts of macroeconomic factor (returns of the energy sector in Shanghai. The main objective of the study id to determine the influence of macroeconomic factors on the stock market, it focuses on the exchange rate, industrial production, bonds, exports, imports foreign reserve and the unemployment rate (Zhu, 2012). Quantitative methodology was adopted to conduct a study, and the data was gathered from secondary sources such as, National Bureau of Statistic of China, People’s Bank of China for a consecutive period of 2005-2011. Arbitrage Pricing Theory has been applied to determine the returns of assets and risks. The finding of the study reveals that the exchange rate, export, foreign reserves and the unemployment rate

Housing law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Housing law - Essay Example Tackling both anti-social behavior and the causes of it has become a priority for the Government, Housing Corporation, RSL, and Local Authorities. Communities are demanding more effective ways to deal with this disease. "The Housing Corporation in its publication, "Themes from Inspection - Anti-Social Behavior" (June 2003) states: "Potential perpetrators must understand the consequences of anti-social behavior including the possible loss of their home, and realize that the association will take a tough line on unacceptable conduct". Property developers therefore have developed effective policies and procedures for tackling antisocial behavior in the areas in which it operates and we will work in partnership with residents and relevant agencies to ensure, as far as possible, that residents take responsibility for their actions and behave in a way which does not harass or intimidate others". "Anti-social behavior can have different meaning for different people. ... ose numerous unemployed junkie people begging by cash points, abandoned cars, litter and graffiti, young people using air guns to threaten and intimidate or people using fireworks as weapons", said David Blunkett, Home Secretary, in March 2003. Anti-Social Behavior - Statement of Policy, Cathy Jackson: H:My DocumentsPolicies & ProceduresASBFinal Statement of ASB Policy- Dec 2004.doc) To substantiate the Home Secretary's statement and policy, and to provide clarification to staff and residents, most property developers have brought the following actions under anti-social behavior: Use of threatening or offensive language Offensive drunkenness Using a property or any of the communal areas on a scheme for immoral or Illegal purposes, such as prostitution, or illegal manufacture, sale or use of drugs Excessive domestic noise, whether from radios, televisions, hi-fis, musical instruments, social activity, daytime or late night parties or gatherings The lighting of bonfires in the garden of a property or in any of the communal areas on a scheme The depositing of litter or rubbish either in the garden of a property or in any of the communal areas on a development or estate owned or managed by Accord Failure to control the behavior of pets including taking adequate precautions to prevent the fouling of neighboring areas The playing of ball games sufficiently close to neighboring homes so as to cause a nuisance or damage to Accord's property including boundary fences, trees and shrubs The carrying out of maintenance or repairs to motor vehicles other than those normally used for domestic purposes by the resident or members of their household Using threatening or aggressive behavior towards visitors. Physical Violence Harassment in any form, like due to a person's

The Causes and Effects of Violence - Essay Essay Example for Free

The Causes and Effects of Violence Essay Essay Did you know that almost 6 million Jews were estimated killed in the Holocaust? The Holocaust was when men, children, and women alike were massacred just because of their religion, which was Judaism. This is not the first human tragedy that the world has endured this century. Another violent tragedy was when African American’s were being mistreated and persecuted in the United States. This was during the Jim Crow South when black people could not eat at the same restaurant as whites. Protesting led to extreme violence and many people were killed. Another tragedy was gang violence in America. This violence was caused by race and ethnic differences. In The Diary of Anne Frank by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett and I Promised I Would Tell by Sonia Weitz, the reader sees how hatred and ignorance can lead to violence can and substantial deaths among people. The reason the Holocaust happened was because of anti-Semitism, which is the hatred of the Jewish people. Anti-Semitism is an example of a way that caused violence between two different groups of people. A quote from I Promised I Would Tell explains how Jewish people felt during World War II and explains the violence occurring. â€Å"The world was anything but safe for a Jew† (Weitz 1). This is when Sonia is describing how the world was to be a Jew when she was eleven years old. Sonia is being very grown up for her age and being realistic when she explains how she felt during this period of Jones, 2 the war. This was when the Germans were beginning to invade Poland. The hatred of someone’s religion is only one way that violence can massacre many people. Another way to start violence is to judge someone based on their race. In the Freedom Writers and in real life a person could be shot for waving the wrong gang banner or saying something bad about someone else’s race or gang. A good quote that describes this is from the Freedom Writers, â€Å"My brother taught me what the life is for a young black man. Pimp, deal, or do whatever. Learn what colors to wear. Gang banners. You can sell to one corner, but you cant sell another. Learn to be quiet. The wrong word can get you popped† (The violence in the Freedom Writers). This is where Andre, a character in the Freedom Writers, explains how if you join the wrong gang you could be shot, beat up, and ultimately killed. He is also explaining that if you act cocky you could get killed too. Andre is being very serious in explaining this to the teacher because every word of it is true. It is true because gangs were based on your race. So if a black person tried to join a Puerto Rican gang they could be killed. Gang rivalries and someone’s type of race are types of examples that can cause violence. Another example of a way that violence can occur is to judge someone by their particular stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as a conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image about specific social groups, or types of individuals. A quote that can show a stereotype is shown here, Women should be respected as well! Generally speaking, men are held in great esteem in all parts of the world, so why shouldnt women have their share? † (Goodrich and Hackett 463). This is Jones, 3 when Anne Frank is saying that men get all the respect and women get close to none. The stereotype in this quote is that men are the stronger gender, which is not always true. Another stereotype is that blonde haired people are dumb. Both of these stereotypes can lead to anger which results in violence. Anne is being both truthful and honest in this quote because this is how the world was and still is, to some degree, today. This is another example of how something misinterpreted can cause violence which kills many people. The holocaust, gang rivalries, and stereotyping all have an end result of violence. Stereotypes occur because of the false statements of someone’s race, religion or gender. For example, blonde haired people have a stereotype of being dumb. The Holocaust and other human tragedies occurred because of hatred and intolerance of people. Gang violence and racism have occurred due to the judgment of a person’s race. All in all, these examples cause hatred which leads to violence and tragedy. Next time you think of judging someone based on their religious status, their personal stereotypes, or their race think about all the people who have been killed due to the violence started because of these false judgments. Works Cited Freedom Writers. Screenplay by Richard LaGravanese. Dir. Richard LaGravanese. Perf. Hilary Swank, Imelda Staunton, Patrick Dempsey, April L. Hernandez, and Mario. Paramount Pictures, 2007. Goodrich, Frances, and Albert Hackett. The Diary of Anne Frank. The Language Of Literature. Eds. Arthur N. Applebee and Andrea B. Bermudez, et. al. Illinois: McDougal Littell, 2006. 448-512. Weitz, Sonia. I Promised I Would Tell. Brookline: Facing History and Ourselves, 2004.

Policing Essay Example for Free

Policing Essay Policing CRJ 201, Section 511 Frank Serpico Francesco Vincent Serpico was born on April 14, 1936 in Brooklyn, NY. At the age of 18 Serpico enlisted in the United States army and spent two years in Korea. In 1959 Frank Serpico graduated form the police academy and was sworn into the New York City Police Department. From the =Beginning of Serpico’s career in the NYPD he was forced with having to defend his integrity to the police department. While a rookie taking part in field officer training, there was a rape in progress call sent out over the radio. Serpico, wanting to do nothing but help wanted to take the call though it was out of his sector and against his veteran officers advice. Frank later forced to give up his collar despite the fact he apprehended the remaining rape suspects on his own. Being a rookie officer left him susceptible to officers with seniority easily getting over on him. In 1960 Frank became a patrolman in the 81st precinct. He then worked for the Bureau of Criminal Identification (BCI) before he was assigned to being a plain-clothes officer. This is when Frank Serpico’s problems began and he was exposed to department wide police corruption. Police subculture is defined as; shared values and norms and the established patterns of behavior that tend to characterize policing. During Frank’s time police corruption was definitely apart of police subculture. However it was not apart of Frank Serpico’s police subculture. While stationed at the 93rd precinct Serpico was given $300 as a part of the station pay off. Not knowing what to do with the money, and it being his first experience with corruption Frank took the money to his Sargent who in turn pocketed the money for himself. Becoming a snitch is something frowned upon then and now among civilians and law enforcement when it comes to one of your own. It is especially difficult to be a snitch in the police department because there is then no one behind you when in need. Blowing the whistle on fellow officers took a lot of guts and courage, especially when knowing that no one is there to stand behind you, and everyone is against you. On April 25, 1970, a New York Times article was published by David Burnham that would shake up the entire New York City Police Department. With the aid of Frank Serpico and Sargent David Durke, Burnham told the world of the millions of dollars paid to policeman in the New York Police Department by drug dealers, gamblers, and crooked businessmen. Frank also pointed out that despite the obvious corruption both Mayor Lindsay’s administration, and the police department ignored and failed to look into corruption cases repeatedly brought to their attention. This very article and the now public knowledge and outrage forced Mayor Lindsay to form the KNAPP Commission; a five-member panel whose purpose was to investigate corruption among the police department. Once the New York Times article was published, Frank Serpico was officially deemed a snitch. Subjecting himself to the possibility of extreme danger and violence, either at the hands of his own or by criminals when a lack of police back up and support is available. This possibility of danger became reality on February 3, 1971. While working in the vice division out of Brooklyn North, Serpico and 3 others detectives were working a drug sting. Frank was sent into the building and after witnessing the drug buy informed the two other plains clothes officers of were the suspect apartment was located. Serpico, the only officer that knew how to speak Spanish, was prompted to fake as if he wanted to purchase heroin to gain access into the suspects’ apartment. Once the dealer cracked the door Frank tried to force his way in, only able to wedge some of his body into the suspects’ door. Subsequently Serpico was shot at point blank range in his face with a . 22 caliber handgun. Once collapsed on the floor the remaining two officers stepped over him and proceeded with the drug bust instead of helping, they didnt even care enough to send out a cop shot call over the radio. It was a neighbor living on the floor of the shooting that called the ambulance and stayed with Serpico until a squad car arrived to escort him to the hospital. Frank Serpico soon after the shooting began to question the circumstances of the shooting, feeling he was set up to be executed. While in recovery at the hospital Serpico was constantly harassed and faced with wishes of death. Frank recovered, losing hearing in his left ear, and in December of 1971 testified in front of the KNAPP Commission. Ultimately Serpico received what he always wanted, a brass shield and a promotion to detective. Of course there was no customary ceremony when Frank was awarded detective status, he was called and told to pick his badge up from the office. This was one of the many things that displayed the distain the department and city officials had for Frank Serpico. In 1972 after receiving a gold metal of honor, Serpico retired from the New York City Police Department and moved to Switzerland, where he stayed for almost a decade. In 1980 Serpico back to New York City and now lives a quiet life upstate. Frank Serpico was the first and probably most famous New York police officer to report and go as far as to testify on the department wide corruption. He never gave up, never gave in, and always stayed true and loyal to the oath he took when graduating from the police academy in 1959. Hearing the story of Frank Serpico makes me grateful because I know there are truly honest and loyal individuals that hold jobs in the public service field. People like him played major roles in molding what the police department is today. However I do not think I would have followed in Frank Serpico’s footsteps to expose the ugly truth of what was going on in the police department at the time. Being apart of the police subculture, all you have is each other. Once you put on the uniform and strap on that gun and badge no one can protect you from danger but yourself and your fellow officers. Once those other officers distrust you there is no one to have your back when faced with a criminal with intent to harm you. I would remember that when my shift is over I have to go back to my family, I have to live a life outside of my career as a New York City Police Officer. If I could have found a way to not take the payoffs, still do my job to the best of my ability, and not snitch on my fellow officers, that would definitely be the route in which I would take. Frank Serpico could have easily been killed and I don’t think the police department or anything else is more important then my life and the lives of my family. I do respect everything that Frank Serpico did. His integrity and courageousness was unprecedented. Without him the police department that my friends, loved ones, and I interact with daily could very well be much different and much worst. All Frank Serpico wanted to do was be a good, moral person and an honest police officer. He nicely summed up some of his feelings while in front of the KNAPP Commission by saying, â€Å"Through my appearance here today I hope that police officers in the future will not experience the same frustration and anxiety that I was subjected to for the past five years at the hands of my superiors because of my attempt to report corruption We create an atmosphere in which the honest officer fears the dishonest officer, and not the other way around The problem is that the atmosphere does not yet exist in which honest police officers can act without fear of ridicule or reprisal from fellow officers. †

Yeast Culture Lab: Background Information

Yeast Culture Lab: Background Information In the laboratory, yeasts are stored, maintained cultivated with the help of few elementary methods. Yeasts, being a group of unicellular organisms taken care of similar to those of most bacteria except that their nutritional environmental requirements vary. Yeast: These  are microorganisms  having cells with membrane-bound nuclei .Yeasts are unicellular and its size may vary greatly depending on the species. Yeasts have asexual and sexual reproductive cycles and most of them reproduce asexually by budding. Yeast culture: Yeast culture composes yeast in the form of dry product over a media dried over in order to safeguard the fermenting activity of the yeast. The process of fermentation creates metabolites, which is in fact an advantage of yeast culture. The bacterial activity gets stimulated resulting in an increase in digestion of feeds by the bacteria as their number grew. This increase in numbers can result in more nutrients from the feed being available acting as a source of energy. Reproduction: The natural process supports life as it produces new progeny individual  organisms from their parents. Each individual organism exists due to this biological process. The process involves two methods of the following types:  sexual  and  asexual. Sexual reproduction requires two individuals of opposite sex to involve during the sexual course. However, the asexual reproduction do not any requires involvement of another individual as it can reproduce with the division of a bacterial cell into two daughter cells. Consumption: It is simply the process of taking food into the body through the mouth. However, reproduction is a function of consumption. When an organism goes under reproduction, its consumption must be adequate to provide the supplementary nutritional support because this biological process needs additional resources for future survival. Death in Population: The processes that change the size of populations are birth, death and movement into and out of that population. The science of ecology is not just about understanding nature but often also about predicting or controlling it. In the life history of the unitary organism, as time passes and the post reproductive phase arrives death happens due to senescence which is the organic process of growing older. The individual of different ages do contribute to births in population. As per the static life table, we assume the rates of birth and death to be constant. However, the fecundity of individuals also changes with their age contribute to births in the population as per age-specific fecundity schedules. Further, understanding the cohort life table for annuals tracks a single cohort from the first birth to the death of last survivor. Aim of the Experiment: Let us understand the process of manufacturing Bakers Yeast by implying fed-batch culture in order to reduce the contamination. Procedure: The production of Bakers yeast involves a series of aerobic stages for the development of inoculums. The process involves eight stages. The first three stages are aseptic as the pure culture for initial inoculums are used. However, open vessels are used to carry rest of the stages. Pumping of yeast from one stage to the other as well as the seed cultures being centrifuge and washed before transfer reduces the level of contamination. During the later stages, which involves fed-batch systems, ensures better yield. The development of inoculums for the commercial production of Bakers yeast involves PC 1, 2, 3 as pure culture batch fermentations. F 1 2 is non-aseptic batch fermentations. F 3 4 is fed-batch fermentation F5 is final fed-batch fermentation leading to yield of Bakers yeast with minimal contamination. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to understand the process of producing Bakers yeast with the removal of contamination to its minimalism. It involved the fed-batch culture to describe batch cultures fed with a medium without the elimination of culture fluid. Materials and Methods: Molasses, Chemicals like sulfuric acid Ammonium Sulphate, Ammonium Phosphate, Ammonia, Sodium Chloride, Antifoaming, Potato Starch, Emulsifying agent and Sodium Hydroxide etc. Profile on productions of Bakers Yeast Retrieved from http://www.southinvest.gov.et/Publications/SSNPR%20draft%20Profile/B/%20Bakers%20Yeast.pdf The fed-batch fermentation system follows as shown in the figure below. The Vitaminpros website, diagram retrieved from (http://www.vitaminpros.com/beta-1-3-d-glucan.htm) Discussion: The diagrams of different population dynamics inclusive of: Phases of population growth after disaster Limitations of environmental carrying capacity (while it is high) Limitations of environmental carrying capacity (while it is low) Habitable site dominated by population decay We could easily figure out that factors, which regulate the size of a population, may not determine its size for most of the time instead; responses may change over changing levels of resources. Population  growth  cycle: As we have studied, the density-dependent birth mortality rates lead to the regulation of popular size. When both are density dependent or either of them, then, the two curves cross. The density at which they do is carrying capacity. The population graph involves four phases: Lag Phase: Here, the yeast settles in the environment. Logarithmic Phase: Until this phase, they wait for the favorable conditions to grow, consume reproduce. As they find the proper consequences, they grow exponentially. Stationary Phase: This phase is only temporary as reproduction begins to cause their environment to deteriorate to where the death rate begins to overtake the birth rate. Death Phase: During this phase, the environment becomes very toxic with their excrement results in their death. Carrying Capacity: its effect Carrying capacity is the population level of an organism that persists given the quantity of life supporting infrastructure available to it. In a situation where numbers of an organism are below the carrying capacity of its environment, its birth rate will amplify. If the population exceeds the carrying capacity, the death rate will increase until the population numbers are stable. Carrying capacity increased by the discovery and exploitation of new resources (such as metals, oil or fertile uninhabited land) and decreased by resource exhaustion and waste buildup, for example declining soil fertility and  water  pollution. The ecological concept of carrying capacity helps to determine a sustainable population level. The Energy flow in Biogeochemical Cycle: We must understand the pattern of energy flow for forest, grassland, plankton community in sea small ponds. It helps us to understand relative roles of live consumer and decomposer systems. We will observe that the decomposer system is responsible for majority of secondary production and the live consumers have greater role in open-water aquatic communities. If we discuss the flux of energy matter through ecosystems, we will come across various cycles: The phosphorus cycle The nitrogen cycle The sulfur cycle The carbon cycle They act as global pathways of nutrients between the abiotic reservoirs of atmosphere, hydrosphere lithosphere and the biotic reservoirs consist of terrestrial aquatic communities. In general, the snapshot of the entire process goes like this. The figure Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/65875/biogeochemical-cycle Conclusion: The natural processes works in harmony and any effect or changes in the functionality or behavior of one process will have a direct or indirect influence on other natural phenomenon. The Hypothesis accepted as per the successful completion of the experiment mentioned above, as the amount of contamination in the Bakers yeast produced was minimal. References Coleman, B. (1996). Additives for Horse Feeds. Retrieved from Website: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca    Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition), Individuals, Populations, Communities Ecosystems Retrieved from (Chap. 5, pp. 145-153) Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition), Individuals, Populations, Communities Ecosystems Retrieved from (Chap. 5, pp. 145-163) Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition), Individuals, Populations, Communities Ecosystems Retrieved from (Chap. 5, pp. 145-163) Stanbury, P.F.,Whitaker,A.(1995).Principles of fermentation technology,2nd edition Retrieved from (chapter 6, figure 6.2) Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition), Individuals, Retrieved from Populations, Communities Ecosystems (Chap. 9, pp. 288) Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition) Retrieved from Individuals, Populations, Communities Ecosystems, (Chap. 5, pp. 170, fig. 5.21) Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition) Retrieved from Individuals, Populations, Communities Ecosystems, (Chap. 11, pp. 368, fig. 11.7) Townsend, C.R. (2008). Essentials of Ecology (3rd Edition) Retrieved from Individuals, Populations, Communities Ecosystems, (Chap. 11, pp. 381, fig. 11.16)

The Theme of Blindness in King Lear Essay examples -- English Literatu

The Theme of Blindness in King Lear In the tragedy King Lear, the term blindness has an entirely different meaning. It is not a physical flaw, but the inability of the characters to see a person for whom they truly are. They can only read what is presented to them on the surface. King Lear, Gloucester and Albany are three prime examples characters who suffered most by having this flaw. Lear was by far the blindest of the three. Because Lear was the King, one would expect him to have superb reasoning skills, but his lack of insight kept him from making wise choices. This is the flaw that led to his downfall. Lear's first big mistake was letting himself be fooled by Regan and Goneril, and giving them his throne. For they did not love him at all, he could not understand the depth of Cordelia's love for him. He banished her from the kingdom without one thought to what she had said. Lear's last words to the only daughter that truly loved him were; ".....for we/ have no such daughter, nor shall we ever see/ that face of hers again. Therefore be gone/ without our grace, our love, our benison." (Shakespeare 1, 1. 262-265) Lear's blindness also caused him to banish Kent, one of his most loyal followers. Kent tried to stand up to Lear in Cordelia's honor, but Lear would not listen to what Kent was trying to tell him. To Kent's opposition; "This hideous rashness, answer my life, my judgement,/ Thy youngest daughter does not love thee least;" ( 1,1. 150-151) Lear responded with, "Kent on thy life, no more." ( 1, 1, 154) "Out of my sight!" ( 1, 1. 157) This is a good example of Lear's lack of insight. He was being too stubborn to see that Kent was only trying to do what was best for Lear. After Kent had been banished, he ... ...for Goneril blinded him from the evilness that she possessed. He was blind from the fact that Goneril was having an affair with Edmund, and planning to have her husband killed. Fortunately Edgar, devised a plan to cure Albany's blindness. A letter outlining Goneril's plan, was all that Albany needed to see. After reading the letter Albany came to his senses and confronted Goneril; " O Goneril,/ You are not worth the dust which the rude wind/ Blows in your face!" ( 4, 2. 29-31) Unlike Lear and Gloucester, Albany did not suffer from his bout of blindness, he lived to become the leader of which was once Lear's kingdom. In King Lear, blindness is a theme portrayed by the main characters of these plots. Throughout the play Shakespeare is saying that the world cannot be seen with eyes only. It is a combination of mind, emotion and heart. True sight comes from within.

Compare and contrast the poems Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Essay

Compare and contrast the poems Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen and The Soldier by Rupert Brooke. What are the poets' attitudes towards war and how do they convey these attitudes? Wilfred Owen's "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and Rupert Brooke's "The Soldier" express opposing views towards war and matters related to it. Owen condemns war as the cause of immense and painful loss of youths, killed like animals. He also attacks the church, generally held to preserve human life and dignity, implying it is powerless and irrelevant in a war situation. Brooke expresses ready acceptance (his view is meant to be the general view) of possible death on his country's behalf in grateful return to her for having "bore, shaped and made aware" him and enriching him spiritually. There is no reference to the horrors and pain of war. Apart from the poets' different attitudes towards war, there are many other differences such as tone, imagery and language. In 'The Soldier', Brooke's sense of indebtedness to his country completely blots out any sense of loss or regret over possible death on her behalf. Brooke doesn't even mention war in his poem. He is ready to give "back the thoughts by England given". He accepts death in war as a suitable repayment to his country for what England has done for him. England has given him birth, her "flowers", "ways to roam", "air", "rivers" and "suns" and made him like every other English person: special, privileged and worthy. In the line "In that rich earth, a richer dust concealed," his is the "richer dust", made by England. Here his physical being created and nurtured by England is gratefully returned to her. His appreciation and gratitude to England ring sincerity as reflected by h... ...f rounding up the sonnet as well as emphasising complete grief over the loss of Youth. The contrast with the first stanza's violence makes the reader see the different aspects of war - what happens on the battlefield, and what happens at home. Owen's poem, 'Anthem for Doomed Youth' is more appealing to me because it deals with two contrasting realities of war. His first stanza highlights the wastefulness of war (deaths of young soldiers) while the second stanza, the mourning for the dead. His sarcastic and later quiet tone reinforce the stark contrast between the different aspects of war. He uses powerful imagery and onomatopoeia to achieve the desired effects that make the poem more realistic. All this combined together produces effective thought provoking ideas and with each read, I gradually get an improved understanding and appreciation of the poem.

Iron Curtain

Q. 1: what did Churchill mean in May 1945 by the term â€Å"Iron Curtain†? A. 1: When Churchill stated â€Å"An Iron Curtain is being drawn upon their front. † He means that during 1945 when the war was over, he was talking about an imaginary line drawn between communism in the East and the democratic governments in the West. This was to prevent more fighting over the systems; Churchill knew that the Soviet Union were dangerous. Churchill wanted the allies to get to Berlin and take it before the Russians would.He claims in his speech â€Å"Nobody knows what Soviet Russia intends to do in the immediate future. † This shows he knew they were a threat he just didn’t know when they were going to pounce. By making this â€Å"Iron Curtain† it would provide safety. Q. 2: what happened to the Iron Curtain countries of East Europe? A. 2: The Iron curtain countries included: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugosla via.The actions taken in these countries were: in Bulgaria the communists executed leaders of other parties. In Czechoslovakia the USSR purged civil service, Security Police moved in. East Germany: industrial machinery and resources were moved to the USSR. The scientists and technicians moved to USSR. More actions were taken in other countries, the whole strategy of different countries had changed, this speech was inspirational and made countries feel like they could be independent instead of relying on others.Q. 3: Explain Stalin’s reply to Churchill’s â€Å"Iron Curtain Speech† A. 3: Stalin’s reply to Churchill’s speech was weird, Stalin didn’t really state the truth and made up figures to make people feel sorry for him, how USSR had been hit harder than any other country. This was the reason why Churchill was suspicious of Stalin because he wasn’t being truthful; he had become more independent more powerful so his response to the s peech mad Churchill even more suspicious. By Massimo Furness

The Gender of Power: Latin American Dictatorship

Throughout history men, women and children have been subject to harsh ruler-ship, generally under a patriarchal system. With the emergence of a female role in one of the most coveted dictator positions, one would ask the question: Is feminized power less ruthless? In Gabriel Garcia Marquez's â€Å"Big Mama's Funeral† we learn that although a female has stepped in to the office of a leader, her power is still abused and misused like any other. Latin American history has proven to be one of the most affluent in terms of poor utilization of wealth and power. We have also learned that man or woman can strive in the role of a leader, and that followers will pay mercilessly for the simple fact of living and being. Big Mama is the living proof that power is genderless. The lifestyle lead by a dictator as powerful as Big Mama herself is quite consuming regardless of her gender. The protection of her kingdom and her fortunes were her prime concerns, along with the assurance of her matriarchal rigidity. Her absolute power reigned over the kingdom, slaughtering any who opposed her and every person living within her kingdom had to pay their dues. Residents even believed Big Mama â€Å"was the owner of the waters, running and still†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , even the â€Å"air they breathed†. She was the richest and most powerful matron in the world, although no one knew the the exact value of her estate. She was considered by most of the inhabitants as immortal, to them, she was bigger than life itself. Her stern sovereignty was questioned by none. Her family consisted of brute and loyal soldiers who followed her every command without question. She had built a fence to further protect her and her possessions. The land which she occupied had been passed down from generation to generation. Big Mama had been â€Å"Macondo's center of gravity†, as had her brothers, her parents and the parents of her parents in the past, in a dominance â€Å"which covered two centuries.† She believed she would live well over a hundred years as did her maternal grandmother. The thought of provoking death in Big Mama was laid to rest as most of her tribe members were true believers in her. Although she was mean-spirited and relentless, she tried to uphold a very high-class and honourable image of herself, unlike many other crude rulers of her time. She was two-faced and and everyone knew it, though no one would ever approach her in fear of what she might do to them if she found out they knew. In troubled times, Big Mama contributed secretly for â€Å"weapons for her partisans†, but came to the aid of her victims in public. That patriotic zeal â€Å"guaranteed the highest honours for her.† Big Mama was a master of concealing her hostility and she was proud of the fact that she could. The power invested in a woman such as Big Mama could lead anyone to believe that authority, by man or woman could be ruthless. There is no way of determining whether one or the other could produce more or less wrath. This type of power could put anyone in their place and would terrify even the harshest of critics. Big Mama reigned over the city of Macondo with a cold heart and a tight grip. Her family members supported her every decision in belief it was in all of their best interests, they were true believers. Her self-image was was so god-like, she would never come to realization that every one who knew her in fact despised her.

Password Protection Essay

Today, everyone is having online banking account and   e-mail account . Safety is an important aspect. If some intruder steal our password, then we have to pay high price for it. So protecting password is a significant factor for each and every one in this e-world. This speech provides mechanism to protect our online password. Choosing a Good Password Your password is what tells the computer that you are who you say you are. Until we can do retina scans like in James Bond movies, the password is the best that we can do. But, because your password is like a key to your account, you need to safeguard it. Anyone who has your password can get into your account, and your files. Anyone who can guess your password has it. Anyone who has your password can pose as you. Therefore, you may be held responsible for someone else’s actions, if they are able to get your password. You may not wish this to happen. Tips on safeguarding your password * First and foremost, NEVER give your password to anyone. â€Å"Anyone† means your coworkers, your spouse, your systems administrator. In the event of an emergency, the sysadmin can change your password. Your sytems administrator never has a need to know your personal password. If someone needs to get onto our machines, and has a reason to be here, do not give them access to your account. Speak to the systems staff about us setting up an account for them. We would be very happy to give them one. * Make your password something you can remember. Do not write it down. If you really, honestly forget your password, we can easily give you a new one. We’d rather set your password once a month because you forgot it than have someone find it written down and gain unauthorized access to your account. * Make your password difficult for others to guess. This is not as hard as it initially seems. See the section below on chosing a good password. * DO NOT Change your password because of mail from someone claiming to be your systems administrator, supposedly needing access to your files!! This is a popular scam in some circles. Remember, your systems administrator never needs your password for any reason. If someone needs to ask you to change your password so that they can gain entry to your account, they do not have reason to be there. We run sophisticated password crackers on the password files of our machines.

Chaser

Philosophy 6: Ethical Issues in Business Midterm Essay Chase Novak Dr. Parker Need or Greed? New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises Immanuel Kant-Kantian Deontology John Locke- The Justification of Private Property Adam Smith-Benefits of the Profit MotiveMilton Friedman- The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits Thesis: An examination of the case study New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises relies heavily on a keen understanding of the social and economic implications of a capitalist system, and once taken into account it is clear that Celgene Corp. is justified in raising prices based on the business market philosophies asserted by Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Emanuel Kant, and John Locke. Word Count: 1690Perhaps the most difficult situation in business arises when the indigent desire the product being sold. Political pressure is often put on the company to lower prices in order to accommodate the less fortunate consumer, however, this is in direct conflict with the company’s paramount goal of making the largest profit possible. Issues are increasingly complex given the supply-demand aspects of society and the incentive for production. For these reasons approaches to business that emphasize profit over availability can indeed help society in many ways.Upon the question of ethics one must view the entire market as a whole and the benefits of competition when deciding a fair price. An examination of the case study New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises relies heavily on a keen understanding of the social and economic implications of a capitalist system, and once taken into account it is clear that Celgene Corp. is justified in raising prices based on the business market philosophies asserted by Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Emanuel Kant, and John Locke.Celgene’s decision to raise prices is complex and though at first glance may appear to be fueled by greed it is in fact a necessary and beneficial step in Celgene’s continued production of the medicine thalidomide along with researching other medical advances. Celgene Corp. ’s decision to incrementally raise prices is justified by Adam Smith’s free market philosophy in which he describes competitive production as the main force behind societal development and improvement. Though there has been little affect to the cost of production for thalidomide, the nature of free market production dictated the rise in price.This, according to Smith is a natural element of the free market, â€Å"As every individual [†¦] endeavors as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value, every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can† (Donaldson, 167). In t his quotation, Smith is explaining how every individual’s personal strive for success, in the form of production, helps to improve society as a whole.If each individual’s ultimate goal is to increase their wealth, and if increased wealth is sought through improved production, then the competition for wealth will undoubtedly result in improved production. Improved production can mean either cheaper manufacturing, resulting in lower costs for the consumer, or a better product, which will also help society. Smith continues on to say that this competition is self-perpetuating and that the profit made off of production is reinvested to further improve manufacturing. Evidence of this can be observed in the Celgene Corp. aising of prices on thalidomide which resulted in, â€Å"The ability to [†¦] fund the pharmaceutical industry’s research and development programs, which bring new medicines to patients† (Donaldson, 151). This can be further proven by the fa ct that Celgene’s R&D department uses almost half of the company’s revenue (Donaldson, 154). In this example, Celgene is able to provide consumers with newer and more effective medication as a result of its competitive pricing of thalidomide. Though many critics of Celgene would call the corporation’s decision to raise prices a genuinely greedy and selfish act, Smith sees nothing wrong with such a move.On this issue Smith states that an individuals self-centered motives often improve society: â€Å"By pursuing his own interests he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it† (Donaldson, 167). Given Celgene’s perceived self-centered actions, Smith would note that this type of free market behavior is positive and is guided by an â€Å"invisible hand† which helps such behavior to be beneficial to society as a whole. The next philosopher to be examined would argue that the â€Å"invisible h and† that Smith speaks of is indeed separate from the political realm.Milton Friedman continues with Smith’s line of logic as he asserts that the chief concern of the businessman must be to make a profit under socially acceptable means and that the defining of â€Å"social responsibilities† must be left in the political sphere. Celgene’s chief executive, John Jackson, was the primary force behind the company’s decision to raise prices. Jackson’s actions are perfectly ethical according to Friedman who writes, â€Å"What does it mean to say that the corporate executive has a â€Å"social responsibility† in his capacity as a businessman?If this statement is not pure rhetoric, it must mean that he is to act in some way that is not in the interest of his employers† (Donaldson, 35). Jackson answers to a board that represents the stockholders of the company and it is his ethical obligation to them to make a profit. Celgene was losing m oney until 2002, which obviously necessitated an increase in price (Donaldson, 153). Jackson’s move to incrementally increase the price of thalidomide was not unethical because he has an obligation to stockholders to deliver a profit.Furthermore, Friedman asserts that it is not the corporate executive’s job to act as a moral entrepreneur as he is ill fit to do so. Friedman stresses that calls for executives to act â€Å"socially responsible† are unethical as socially impactful decisions, such as price adjustment, must be left up to publically elected officials with knowledge of the social and economic implications of such actions (Donaldson, 36). Friedman makes a vital point as it explains that the social responsibility falls on the public and its publically elected officials to enforce social justices through legislature.Therefore if the public desired Celgene to lower prices of thalidomide then it must require it to do so through law. Furthermore since no law exists requiring Celgene to sell thalidomide at a certain price, then Celgene is perfectly ethical and justified in raising its prices. If executives like Johnson adjusted prices according to their personal beliefs then huge portions of society would be heavily affected by such decisions and thus the public should reserve the right to solve such social dilemmas through democratic means in the form of law.Emanuel Kant’s philosophy of the â€Å"categorical imperative† also works to ethically justify the pricing of thalidomide by expressing the need for a universal standard of ethical practice. Though Kant would most likely desire a socialist utopia or at least complete universal healthcare, neither is realistic in the present day. In a Kantian society individuals would want free healthcare for everyone. No ethical issues would be in question if everyone received their entire healthcare for free.The result is a derived understanding of his categorical imperative, which ex plains a desired scenario in which on party acts onto another party in the same manner he himself wishes to be treated (Donaldson, 112). In this sense, under a capitalist system, Celgene is responding to the market by acting accordingly and raising its prices to increase production. The most basic element of ethics lies in John Locke’s philosophical explanation of product ownership and it works to prove Celgene’s right to raise its prices.At the very heart of business is the ownership of a private property which one elects to sell for a profit. According to Locke, God made the earth for man to exploit for his personal needs and thus it is logical that some men will not have common ownership of the land (Donaldson, 158). Locke’s philosophy on private property explains that man has the right to own property and that he alone can chose how to use his property. Using this justification, Celgene’s ownership of thalidomide entitles them to price it at any rate it sees reasonable.Moreover this justification is ethical because it comprises the sole force behind production. If corporations like Celgene cannot retain the right to ask for their own price for the products that they produce then there exists no incentive to produce. As a society we cannot force companies to produce essential information, technology, or medicine without an incentive. That is not how society works. Rather, our society is functions under an incentive-based system, which uses competition to provoke the best and brightest to produce the most important products for society’s use.If Celgene was made to sell their products at a price convenient for the consumer but crippling to the manufacturer then production would decline and society would falter. Thus to ensure continued production and quality corporations such as Celgene must be allowed to conduct business according to their best interests with regard to price. Society hinges on the expectation that companies will provide the food, goods, and medicine that it requires to function, however, certain elements must be in place in order to ensure the continued production of such commodities.As explained by Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Emanuel Kant, and John Locke, society is improved by a free market system in which revenue from production is poured back into production to result in the overall improvement of society as a whole. Though some may see a raise in price as unfair, one must view such circumstances from the standpoint of the corporation, as business is a constant back-and-forth between the consumer and producer.The overarching ethical theme of the case study focuses on the need to provide the medical sector with the necessary profits to continue its research and development programs in the efforts of advancing the entire field for the betterment of society. This is surely an ethical endeavor. Works Cited: Donaldson, Thomas, and Patricia Hogue. Werhane. Ethical Issues in Business a Philosophical Approach. Upper Saddle River (N. J. ): Prentice Hall, 2008. Print.

Assisi Essay Research Paper Critical EvaluationAssisi

Assisi Essay, Research Paper Critical Evaluation-Assisi A verse form that I have been analyzing late is Assisi by Norman McCaig, which I found really interesting to read because it made a statement which relates to our universe today even though the verse form was wrote about 30 or forty old ages ago. The verse form has tonss of thoughts including effectual figures of address, good pick of words, of import images and sarcasm. The statement that McCaig makes is, where of all time there is great wealth it ever exists along side great poorness. The verse form is set in Assisi in Italy around the 1970 # 8217 ; s were all the rich tourers are coming in 100s from all different states far and broad to see the frescoes painted by Giotto in Assisi # 8217 ; s immense cathedral. McCaig chiefly focuses on the midget outside of the three-tier cathedral built in honor of St. Francis. McCaig so proceeds to the priest steering the tourers around the cathedral stating them the history of Giotto # 8217 ; s frescoes and how they separately teach people the goodness of God and the agony of his boy. McCaig uses effectual littery techniques to depict the tourers and to depict the midget. He so goes on to explicate that the tourers are non analyzing the frescoes and are merely at that place to tout about being at that place. Then he goes on to state of the dwarfs voice when he says # 8220 ; Grazie # 8221 ; for the money one of the tourers have given to him outside the cathedral. McCaig uses apposition by locating the midget outside of the immense three tier cathedral. McCaig besides refers to the midget as a # 8220 ; ruined temple # 8221 ; . By stating this he creates a immense contrast between the midget and the cathedral, he besides uses sarcasm to compare the midget to St. Francis were he says:# 8220 ; Outside the three grades of churches built in honor of St. Francis, brother of the hapless, speaker with birds, over whom he had the advantage of non being dead yet. # 8221 ; This is stating that the midget had an advantage over one group of people, the dead. I think that it was a good thought to locate the midget outside the immense cathedral and make the image of a great, strong, attractively designed edifice standing over a little, weak, deformed individual. McCaig gives the reader a in writing description of the midget in both stanzas 1 and 3 where he uses many littery techniques to depict the midget. In stanza 1 he uses initial rhyme, simile and metaphor to give the reader a in writing position of the midget deformed organic structure:# 8220 ; The midget with his custodies on backwards Saturday, slumped like a half-filled poke on bantam distorted legs from which sawdust might run. # 8221 ; He uses initial rhyme to state things like, # 8220 ; sat slumped # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; tiny distorted # 8221 ; , these two pieces of text give a good position of the dwarfs manner of sitting and his small weak legs. The simile used is, # 8220 ; Slumped like a half-filled sack. # 8221 ; This tells me that the midget had no strength to maintain himself up directly and every clip he sat down his dorsum got closer to the land. McCaig besides uses a metaphor to state you of the midget legs, # 8220 ; Tiny twisted legs from which sawdust might run. # 8221 ; Here he is talking about the midget as if he was an old teddy bear, he is stating that his legs are so worn out that sawdust might run from them, this is what happened to the teddy bears in the late nineteenth centaury, they were filled with sawdust and if they wore off the sawdust would run out. In stanza 3 McCaig called the midget # 8220 ; a ruined temple. # 8221 ; , this gives the image of the midget who is battered and bruised and over the old ages he has begun to decompose since no 1 has been looking after him. McCaig says this because the midget has been populating around the immense cathedral for many old ages and is n ow have oning off. McCaig goes on to give more inside informations of the dwarfs visual aspect: # 8220 ; whose eyes, wept Pus, whose dorsum was higher than his caput, whose lopsided mouth # 8221 ; All of these belongingss of the midget are really barbarous, McCaig says this to do the reader feel commiseration for the midget but surprisingly McCaig goes on to state how the midget had a voice every bit sweet as a kid # 8217 ; s:# 8220 ; Said Grazie in a voice as Sweet as a kid # 8217 ; s when she speaks to her mother. # 8221 ; I think McCaig does this to give the reader an component of surprise by giving the midget such a sweet voice when the reader would anticipate a unsmooth, deep voice, McCaig uses really good figures of address in these both stanzas depicting the midget. In stanza 3 there is an drawn-out metaphor comparing the tourers to biddies:# 8220 ; A haste of tourers, clicking contentedly, fluttered after him as he scattered the grain of the word. # 8221 ; McCaig uses this metaphor to demo that the tourers are hotfooting after the priest because he is distributing the word of God, he compares the tourers to biddies who are following the husbandman as if he is dispersing grain. This besides shows that the tourers did non pay much attending to Giotto # 8217 ; s frescoes which told narratives of God. This leads to the tourers devaluating the life and work of Christ. I think that McCaig has made a really clear image of the tourers and that he makes really good usage of the metaphor by widening it. Throughout the verse form there is the usage of sarcasm and irony, the first piece of sarcasm used is in stanza 1 were he compared the three tier cathedral built in honor of St. Francis to the small distorted midget. The following piece of sarcasm is in stanza 2 were McCaig Tells us that the priest is passing his clip steering rich tourers round the cathedral screening of Giotto # 8217 ; s frescoes alternatively of disbursement clip with the people who need it most. The following and last piece of sarcasm I will foreground is in stanza 3 were the midget is sitting outside the cathedral which was built to friend the hapless beggary. This is a good littery technique used by McCaig were he compares the cathedral which was purportedly built for the hapless to the hapless midget who is imploring to the rich tourers. McCaig so goes on to utilize irony when he compares the midget to St. Francis and says:# 8220 ; He had the advantage of non being dead yet. # 8221 ; This is true but the midget has nil to populate for and would most likely want to be dead. I think that these two techniques which were used by McCaig were truly utile in depicting the scenes he is seeking to demo the reader of the verse form. In stanza 3 McCaig gives the reader the one and merely experience of the midget # 8217 ; s voice, from the manner McCaig has vividly described the midget you would anticipate him to hold a unsmooth, deep voice but it is non:# 8220 ; Whose lopsided oral cavity said Grazie in a voice as Sweet as a kid # 8217 ; s when she speaks to her female parent or a bird # 8217 ; s when it spoke to St. Francis. # 8221 ; Once once more McCaig conveying St. Francis into the poemby comparing one of the bird # 8217 ; s voice when it spoke to St. Francis to the midget # 8217 ; s voice as he says # 8220 ; Grazie # 8221 ; . This shows that McCaig is a good author because he can utilize so many littery techniques to make a verse form of this category. I have chosen a verse form and studied it carefully, identified the littery techniques used. I looked at such thoughts as effectual figures of address, pick of words, of import images, sarcasm # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . I have besides showed how the poet has made the societal remark:# 8220 ; Where of all time there is great wealth it ever exists along side great poverty. # 8221 ; 313

UP level accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UP level accounting - Essay Example When a semi-variable cost is treated as a variable cost for the purpose of variance analysis, the charge of overhead is exceeded. This is because semi-variable costs do not vary with each unit of activity, but change depending upon the level of activity achieved.Therefore, by granting the status of variable costs to semi variable costs, the overheads are hiked and thus profitability is reduced. Similarly, fixed costs remain fixed over a period of time, irrespective of the levels of activity. By assigning the status of fixed costs to semi-variable costs, during times of lowered levels of activity, there is a high overhead charge which significantly erodes profitability.The result of treating a step-fixed costs, for the purpose of variance analysis, as a variable one would be that, if the costs need to be calculated on the shortest time frame, there may not be material variations, but if taken on the long time, the impact of the step fixed costs would not be realized, or in other words , profits may be over stated. For example, the costs of running a single machine for several months would be different from running several machines for a single month. (Blocher et al, 2008) Thus by assigning the nature of variable to a step fixed cost would overstate profits over a period of time.When an operation entails both fixed and variable costs, and if all costs are taken as variable, it would wrongly inflate profits and underestimate costs. The element of fixed costs is generic to all cost centers, and very conspicuous in the cases of Health Care Providers, since investments in hospital machinery, equipments and infrastructure are quite substantial. (Blocher et al, 2008). In case of high level of activities, by not assigning the rightful fixed costs, profits become inflated; however, if all overheads are accounted for as fixed, during lowered levels of activities, costs become higher than booked and this could be disastrous, especially for smaller companies with low revenue generations. Question 2 (i) The key drivers for profitability in an organization would be the correct assessment and implementation of cost factors- fixed, variable, semi-variable and step-fixed costs since any mis-match could lead to derailed planning, execution and incorrect decision-making. What is even more important is the correct booking of the overheads, since overheads not booked at all, or wrongly booked could lead to a host of critical problems later. The top management takes strategic decisions based on the cost data provided and it is therefore, it is essential that it be factually correct. (ii) The two variances depicted in Exhibit 3 consider the recovery of fixed overheads when the actual procedures performed, instead of the standard 50,000 procedures, was actually only 49,000 procedures. Fixed costs were considered at $50, 00,000 for the predetermined standard 50,000 procedures. But the actual procedures billed were only 49,000 and therefore $ 100 X 1000 - $ 100,000 was unrealized. (Blocher et al, 2008). (iii) Regarding Exhibit 4, the mismatch occurred because the aspect of fixed cost overheads was not correctly judged. The mismatch occurred because of the 460 examinations made, only 310 were billed, leading to 150 examinations carried out but not billed and the profits have been inflated by (460 - 310) X $ 20 = $ 3000. This is the reason why the profits are overstated. (Blocher et al, 2008). Question 3 (i) Traditional standard costing is a system by which predetermined value / efficiency standards are assigned for each element of cost. The actual performance is then matched against their Standard costs, and the variances, positive or negative are determined. This is an invaluable management tool since there is a complete breakup of cost components and determinants, and for each item of costs, it is possible to know the standard, the actual and the resultant variances. Hence adverse variances could be effectively monitored by

The effect French Revolution had on the main events in European Essay

The effect French Revolution had on the main events in European history in the 19th century - Essay Example Also, there was the rise of the capitalist bourgeois class that clashed with the aristocratic noble classes over political power. Though there was a new rising bourgeois class, France was still very much tied to old ways of politics: France in the eighteenth century still possessed a large measure of medievalism—a condition reflected in its diversified legal structure, in its powerful guilds, in its communes, in the church, in universities, and in the patriarchal family (Nisbet 157). These factors are tied to the overall effects of the revolution on France and all of Europe, those effects being a rise in individualism, patriotism, and nationalism. These ideas were trenchantly in opposition to the prevailing monarchies of the time that ruled over Europe at the time of the revolution. The French Revolution did not merely replace one set of rulers with another; it replaced an entire ideological system with another throughout the western world. As was mentioned, the causes of the revolution are very much tied together with the effects. The debt and poverty caused by the decisions of the monarchy were one of the chief concerns of the new bourgeois class: â€Å"a new a revolutionary class, the bourgeoisie, had risen in wealth and power during the eighteenth century, but had been denied political power and social recognition by the old ruling class of aristocrats and nobles† (Stromberg 88). This aspect has two main ideas behind it. First, the capitalists were financially hurt because of the decisions of the aristocracy. They were subject to the decisions of the aristocracy, as these decisions had a direct effect upon the economy of the country in which they functioned. To put it specifically, the decisions of the aristocracy had a direct effect on the capitalists ability to make money. Secondly, because the bourgeoisie

The Contemporary Issues in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Contemporary Issues in Marketing - Essay Example There are thousands of books for marketing in the recent time, but do all of these books say the same thing in a different manner? Or these books are not at all applicable in the real life? Well, this paper reveals the major contemporary issues of these marketing books in a descriptive manner. The great virtue of marketing management is, that it is bound to change and evolve over time, developing newer strategies and theories which may benefit the marketing of products, and ultimately help in improving human lives in the process. Such improvements and evolution of marketing concepts and theories; play a key role in enhancing the quality of our lives by making more and more products and services accessible to us. However, marketing is a huge functional entity which comprise of various branches. The contemporary issues of marketing include the manner in which products and services are marketed, in an ethical manner and the use of technology as a new-age marketing strategy. This paper w ill discuss all the contemporary issues which are important to improve the product. ... This paper will be focusing on all the aspects as well as issues related to contemporary marketing. Furthermore, other critical issues such as the traditional and modern marketing approaches as well as the involvement of the technologies; the ethical aspects of the Marketing are also discussed comprehensively, in this paper. This paper will help the reader to understand the contemporary definition and the approaches of marketing in the modern era. Introduction: There are thousands of books for marketing in the recent time, but do all of these books say the same thing in a different manner? Or these books are not at all applicable in the real life? Well, this paper reveals the major contemporary issues of these marketing books in a descriptive manner. The great virtue of marketing management is, that it is bound to change and evolve over time, developing newer strategies and theories which may benefit the marketing of products, and ultimately help in improving human lives in the proce ss. Such improvements and evolution of marketing concepts and theories; play a key role in enhancing the quality of our lives by making more and more products and services accessible to us. However, marketing is a huge functional entity which comprise of various branches. The contemporary issues of marketing include the manner in which products and services are marketed, in an ethical manner and the use of technology as a new-age marketing strategy. This paper will discuss all the contemporary issues which are important to improve the product. The concept of marketing and its components: Definition: Marketing is an age-old phenomenon and it comprises of various critical

The Optimum Cultivation and Establishment Methods for Growing Oilseed Literature review

The Optimum Cultivation and Establishment Methods for Growing Oilseed Rape In a Various Soil Conditions within the UK - Literature review Example This research will begin with the statement that as sustainability and the greening of the ecosystem become very important to global agencies and nations, the focus of most countries have turned to the role that plants can plan in achieving this goal. But as important as plants help in the greening of the solar system, they have also become very important sources of food for both plants and animals, including humankind. Plants have actually accounted for major parts of the export made by most countries in the form of raw edible food, processed wood, refined products, and drugs. In the United Kingdom (UK), the role that various plants play in the socio-economic wellbeing of the country cannot be underestimated. It is not surprising that studies have continued to go on about the best ways by which various plants and crops can be well researched into to find the best practices, conditions, and establishments under which they are best cultivated for optimum output. As part of secondary d ata collection for the research work, the review of related literature is taken seriously to know what has already been done in this field and the gaps that exist in the literature. This way, the best ways by which this research can fill the gaps can be rightly identified. The review will, therefore, focus on the background of the crop, the relevance of it to the UK and the best practices in its cultivation. The oilseed rape crop is known by many names including rape, Brassica napus, and sometimes just called rape. The origin of the seed in the UK is raced to the 14th century when the bright yellow flowering was first brought to the European region. The oilseed rape crop belongs to the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as the mustard or cabbage family. The crop belongs to the order Brassicales and genus Brassica. Since arriving in the U.K., the plant has been known as a very important crop, which has been cultivated over the years since the 14th century. In one study, FAOSTAT argu ed that the oilseed rape is one of the longest most adored plants to have been cultivated in the U.K. This emphasis is given to the plant because of the continuous attention it has received over the years for the need to maximize the production of the crop.

Avatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Avatar - Essay Example It is a beautiful story set in the future and teaches people how to take care of resources and minerals while there is still time to do so. The film has been widely acclaimed by most of the world and is also one of the all time best sellers in the box office. Bill Gibron of Film Critic writes, â€Å"At first, Avatar is a bit disconcerting. The lush landscapes, the primeval forests bursting with alien life, the gorgeously lithe Na’vi and their graceful yet strong athletic movements — it’s impossible not to marvel at the creative process involved here.† The movie has taken almost two decades to get out there and has been regarded as wholesome with delicate touches by this particular critic. However, the script has several cheesy dialogues which are predictable and most people think that the silence and music in the movie is what really captivates the audience. The dialogues on the other hand could have been ignored. The performances are extremely solid and within the context. Gibron states that Saldana acted better than even Worthington or Lang in a very stunning manner indeed. On the other hand, another critic from Portland Media Centre writes that the movie was a painful treatise of racism where a white man tries to claim ownership over the last remains of the planet. It talks about acceptance of Jake into the Na’vi society as he wins over even their blood in the end by completely converting into a species of the other form, so that he may win over his lady love, Neytiri. In popular culture this was not accepted by a lot of people and it took over the impressive effects that the movie had to offer. This is because most people understood that one cannot simply give up on their identity in order to grasp another one and at the same time, it is not possible for someone to intrude into another’s society and take over what belongs to them. Thus, this critic has provided the audience with a very sharp take on the film by

MGT 501 Mod 2 Case assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGT 501 Mod 2 Case assignment - Essay Example The most notable of the report is that not even Facebook or Apple made it to the list. Google has committed human resource team whose only job is to work on keeping employees happy. Irrespective of such extreme attention on the retention policies, Google still loses their workforce to Facebook or other bigger companies. But, the employee turnover rate of Google is comparatively less than that of the rival companies. For an organization, it is not just important that they have clear mission and goals. It is also important that they reach at all levels of the organization. This is exactly what we will analyze with the case of Google’s ranking. The difference in Google compared to that of other companies is that the employees are equally aware about the mission and goals of the company while in many other companies it is just the top management that are aware about the mission. In Google, the employees strive towards achieving the organizational goals. The work and leisure enviro nment at Google is considered to be the best in the industry. The essay will begin by analyzing how the job satisfaction and motivation of people at Google are influenced by its corporate values and goals concerning employees, customers and business. The essay will finally conclude by suggesting whether this business model can be adopted by every organization or not. Corporate Values and Goals Values and Goals Concerning Employees: â€Å"A company with employees aligned on goals for the future is able to reach those accomplishments faster.† (Frost, 2013) The same is true in the case of Google. Google’s value and goals concerning the employees are one of the best in the industry. Google’s values consist of 10 things that the company charted in the initial years of formation of the company. The company still holds on to those 10 values. The one point that focuses on employee values is ‘You can be serious without a suit.’ (Google, 2013a) Google’ s approach to employees is unlike the traditional organizations. Google believes that work should be fun for the employees. Google’s work culture is employee friendly compared to many other organizations. In fact, Google believes that it is the proper work culture that brings out the best from an employee. Google values the ability of the employees over their experience. For proper employee motivation and job satisfaction, the freedom to share opinions and ideas is very much essential. In Google, each and every employee gets the opportunity to be a significant contributor to the objectives of the organization. They have good say in the objectives of the organization. At the weekly meetings, employees have the freedom to shoot questions even to Larry and Sergey. It is not just the monetary benefits that motivate an employee. Almost all theories related to motivation and job satisfaction says that participation of employees in decision making will lead to higher employee motiva tion. (Ezinearticles, 2013) Similarly, a good work culture is also essential in job satisfaction and improving employee morale. This theory holds true in the case of Google. Due to its extreme focus on enabling an employee friendly work culture, Google was able to be ranked as one of the best companies to work for. It also has one of the

I.R Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

I.R - Essay Example Feminism, on the other hand, is a very complicated political theory, a branch of Critical Social Theory, As per the neorealist theory, the chances of conflict give directions to actions while the post classical realism sponsors assessment of chances of confrontation on security issues among states. The three primary hypotheses of neorealist theory are: 1) recurrent equilibrium behavior, 2) states not coming forward for cooperative relations, and 3) states compete to remain on equal footing (Brooks 1997). Assuming worst-case chances of confrontations on the basis of neorealist theory provides benefits in approximating global decision taking. Actually, states are projected productively such way. So the assumptions on the behavior of states become useful in throwing light on swapping of various aspects of human nature, aggression and fear. States get focused to achieve their short-term goal of making their defense line strong. Disadvantage occurs in long term negative impacts on states’ other preferences. Long term goals become secondary to short term defense needs in a conflict (Brooks 1997). Neorealist theorists don’t give credence to the factors the liberal theorists perceive as impacting the probability of conflict. The postclassical realism is more akin to liberal theory in the sense that productive discussion can take place with liberal theorists. The main difference remains between the material and non-material factors (Brooks 1997). Liberal feminism is an ideology of egalitarianism. Since Plato so much has been written on the topic that it seems the relation of gender to politics is very complex. Feminism is against Rousseau’s masculine savage, unable to grasp abstract ideas. Both Rousseau and Freud have different opinions; Freud perceives women as â€Å"opposition to civilization† and all â€Å"civilization† is the work of

What Were the Causes of the Unrest in England in the Early 19th Century Essay Example for Free

What Were the Causes of the Unrest in England in the Early 19th Century Essay There were many issues in the 19th century that caused chaos, people weren’t happy with they way that England was being ruled during that period in time. As a result of this riots and protests broke out all over England. The people were protesting about the political and economical issues that they found in the way parliament ruled England. 16th August 1819. The Peterloo Massacre. Peterloo gained its name by combining the place the battle happen, St Peters Field, and the previous battle’s name ‘Waterloo’. Peter-loo. Originally people had gathered at St Peter’s Field to listen to a well known speaker Henry Hunt to share his ideas on reforms such as giving all the men a right to vote and ending bribery and fraud at elections. At the massacre the soldier that came in killed 11 people and wounded over 500. As consequences from this the government passed 6 laws in December 1819. 1. Ban meetings of more than 50 people  2. Ban marching and weapon practice 3. Punish insults to the Church and government 4. Increase a tax on newspapers 5. Allow magistrates to search homes for weapons and documents without permission 6. Make it faster to take people to court and punish them. The Luddites. The Luddites were machine-breakers, so called after a mythical leader, General Ludd. In 1811-16 textile workers in the east midlands, south Lancashire, and west Yorkshire met secretly in public houses or on the moors, took oaths. They smashed the machinery of mill-owners who refused what they demanded. When trade unions were illegal, Luddism may be recognised as bargaining by riot: frame-breaking in the east midlands was an attempt to bully factory employees. Eventually the Luddite bands were tracked down and the presumed leaders were executed or transported. 1811-1812. Captain Swing and Ned Ludd. Before the invention of factory machines, spinning and weaving were skilled jobs which people could do at home. The new machines in textile factories in Lancashire, Nottingham and Yorkshire fewer, lower paid and unskilled workers. In 1811 many letters were sent to employers in textile factories. These letters looked like this:- Sir, Information has just been given that you are a holder if those detestable shearing-frames and I was asked by my men to write to you and give fair warning to pull them down. If they are not taken down by the end of the week I shall send 300 men to destroy it. Signed Ned Ludd Many of these letters were sent and many machines were destroyed. The letters were signed ‘Ned Ludd’ or ‘Captain Swing’ as a false name to protect the identity of desperate workers who carried out their threats. 23rd February 1820. The Cato Street conspiracy. The Cato Street conspiracy gained its name by the fact that the main conspirators were arrested on ‘Cato Street’. A group of men all got together to attach the government in attempt to get revenge on the government for ‘Peterloo’. I think there were many reasons why there would be plots against the Government in 1820. The reasons could be different laws being introduced; the solders were losing their jobs and couldn’t get new ones, finally certain food prices were increasing with the tax. Later on Arthur Thistlewood, the main conspirator, was arrested whilst trying to invade on a government meeting. After that Arthur was hanged, drawn and quarter along with 10 other men on the 1st May 1820. Thistlewood and the others were the last to be punished in this way in Britain. Before the 1830’s in Britain only certain people could vote, these people were men, the results could take up to three weeks to be known, the men had to vote in public and the voting would take place on a platform called ‘husting’ in an atmosphere of a drunken crowd. Britain in the 1830’s, there were many protests in the 1830’s; these were towards making Britain fairer. In 1830-1831 there were many protest marches in Scotland. The marchers were protesting at the unfair way in which the country was run. They then passed ‘The First Reform Act’. 1832. The First Reform Act. In 1830 the recently elected Government of the Whigs or Liberals led by Earl Grey introduced the reform bill. It was opposed by the Conservatives (The Tory Party) but most people supported the bill. The new law was called ‘the Reform Act of 1932’. The law was one step closer to making Britain a more democratic country. The chartists were a group of people that were trying to pass the ‘Charter’ through parliament. They were mainly workers that didn’t own their own property. The chartists had only one aim, to achieve the charter. The Charter was a document the contained six points that the chartists wanted parliament to pass. The six points:- †¢ Every man over 21 who is not a criminal or insane should be allowed to vote †¢ Voting should be done in secret †¢ You do not have to be rich or own property to become an MP †¢ All MPs should be paid for doing there jobs †¢ All voting areas should be the same size †¢ Elections should be held every year Later in 1900 five out of the six points had been achieved. The only one that hadn’t was ‘Elections should be held every year.’ Throughout the 19th century and late 18th century hundreds of workers lost their jobs. Many people were afraid of not providing for their family, their family starving to death and being homeless. The cause of this was machinery being introduced into the factories and onto farms. In conclusion to this essay, I don’t think there was one main cause to the unrest in Britain in the 19th century, think there were many causes. There were many political issues that caused to the protests in the country, all the protests and historical events followed onto each other by the consistent problem of the English people not liking the way Britain was ruled and run. These protests were due to economical reasons, the fear of loosing their job and starving.