The Mission

The Mission takes place during the Jesuit Reductions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During this time many Jesuit missionaries established missions independent of the Spanish state in order to teach the native inhabitants Christianity. Leading this cause is Father Gabriel, a Spanish Jesuit Priest, who arrives in the Jungle in South America to set up a mission and convert a small village of Guarani Indians. In the beginning of the film, there is an image of a Jesuit missionary tethered to a cross which is being sent over the massive Gauze Falls.This act encourages Father Gabriel to try to reach out to the tribe. Guarani warriors track Father Gabriel down, prepared to kill him, as he tries to make his way to their village. Gabriel is able to calm the warriors down by playing a song which is the beginning of his acceptance into the tribe. The movie then shifts to Roding Mendoza, a slave trader and mercenary, who is filled with guilt after killing his brother and is looking for repentance. Father Gabriel, after finding out about Mendoza actions, seeks him out to offer him a way to repentance and salvation.Once Mendoza agrees, his armor ND weapons are bound within a satchel that is attached to his waist and he is challenged to scale the cliffs of Gauze Falls. He makes it up the falls and to the Guarani camp where he is met with skepticism and disdain. Eventually, one of the Guarani cuts the satchel off and throws it into the falls representing the forgiveness of the tribe and him being released from his penance. Mendoza then becomes a Jesuit under the guidance of Father Gabriel. The Guarani's gain confidence in Father Gabrielle mission from the leadership he portrays and the eagerness of the Guarani's to learn.During all of this, there are political events going on as well. Spain and Portugal sign a treaty ordering Spain to transfer the control of some land, which includes the land containing Father Gabrielle mission. This was a critical agreement since Spain had outlawed slavery but slavery remained legal in Portugal. As a result, the Jesuits have to fight to protect the missions from Portuguese slave traders. The threat being posed by the Portuguese leads papal emissary Alliteration (a representative of the pope) to make a decision about whether or not the mission should be shut down.Alliteration is torn between two controversial options; either he can side with the colonists and close the mission leading to the enslavement of the Guarani or he can side with the missions leaving the Jesuit to face the Portuguese government. He eventually decides to close the mission but Father Gabriel and Mendoza refuse to obey the decision. The two try tactics of fighting and peace to resist the Portuguese but are eventually taken down by the Portuguese army and the mission is burned down and the Priests and Guarani adults are massacred.Spain and Portugal, the Church administrative hierarchy, and the Jesuit order can e described as having their own culture as institutions based on the apparent separation of motives between each which came from the different ways of thinking that were developing at the time. The Jesuits showed a genuine care about the spiritual well-being of the Guarani people where Spain and Portugal were not as charitable as represented by the government officials. Spain and Portugal had a culture that was based off of nationalistic viewpoints. Spain and Portugal were competing for power in the New World and were unsure about how to treat the native people.Spain's idea was to maintain control by forcing Christianity and their ultra on to the natives. Portugal Just looked to enslave them to show their superiority. Both countries, though, looked for power instead of trying to help the natives accept a new way of life as these countries brought over colonists. Their main concern was to benefit their country versus helping others. These countries would do anything to show their countries power, including tak ing away power from the church to control the fate of the mission. This is made obvious in the scene where the Pope's emissary, Ultramarine, is to decide the fate of the mission.Father Gabriel sees the datives as naturally spiritual and tries to defend the Jesuit position. Portuguese officials see the tribe as unfit for civilization and eventually kill off any natives that resist their rule once the mission is disbanded and enslaves the rest. Either way Ultramarine went, it seemed that Portugal would get its way in the end. From this it is also evident what the motive of the Church was; which was to maintain authority on the outcome of the Guarani project. With the revolts going on against the Church, the Church wanted to use the control they did have to get their agenda completed.Jesuit missionaries were left to succumb to their decisions and this affected the final outcome of the mission as well as the everyday business of the missionaries. The Jesuit missionaries started to try t o break away from the church by not forcing European customs on the natives. In this way they started to become enlightened. Ultramarine did go and experience the missions but he saw the economic practices of the mission to mirror that of radical French Socialism rather than understanding that it was a direct result of what they had learned from the New Testament. WhenUltramarine encountered some Guarani natives who could barely be recognized as such, he was fully pleased. This shows how the Church wanted the natives to completely conform to their ways and culture instead of bringing out the good in the natives like the Jesuits were trying to do. The authorities of the church wanted one thing while the missionaries wanted another. The Jesuits crossed cultural boundaries by merging their beliefs and teachings with the Guarani culture. The Jesuit missions expected the natives to convert to Christianity but generally did not expect them to adopt the European cultural norms.The Jesuits also crossed cultural boundaries by trying to give the natives social mobility. The Jesuits gathered the Guarani into these missions to protect them while they taught them how to read and write as well as be self-productive. Works Cited Hounded, Anthony. â€Å"Reductions of Paraguay. † CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA:. Robert Appleton Company, n. D. Web. 17 July 2014. â€Å"The Jesuit Missions: Their History. † The Jesuit Missions: Their History. N. P. , n. D. Web. 17 July 2014. Bulgaria, Lenore. â€Å"The Jesuit Missions in South America. † Catholicism. N. P. , 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 17 July 2014.

Memoirs of a Geisha Book and Movie Analysis Essay

I. Introduction Speaking to us with the wisdom of age and in a voice at once haunting and startlingly immediate, Nitta Sayuri tells the story of her life as a geisha. It begins in a poor fishing village in 1929, when, as a nine-year-old girl with unusual blue-gray eyes, she is taken from her home and sold into slavery to a renowned geisha house. We witness her transformation as she learns the rigorous arts of the geisha: dance and music; wearing kimono, elaborate makeup, and hair; pouring sake to reveal just a touch of inner wrist; competing with a jealous rival for men’s solicitude and the money that goes with it. In Memoirs of a Geisha, we enter a world where appearances are paramount; where a girl’s virginity is auctioned to the highest bidder; where women are trained to beguile the most powerful men; and where love is scorned as illusion. It is a unique and triumphant work of fiction—at once romantic, erotic, suspenseful—and completely unforgettable. II. Comparison and Contrast After reading a lot of positive critique about the novel, I bought a copy and read it eagerly the moment I took hold of it. I’ve seen the movie long before I read the book. It was the movie that captured my interest and based on my experience, the books are always better than the movie, except for The DaVinci Code which I think, doesn’t have any difference with the book, that’s why I decided that it is a must to read the novel. The characters were vividly described. I was carried away by the emotions of the characters especially Nitta Sayuri, who was at the beginning, known as Chiyo, the girl from a poor coastal town who was sold to an okiya to be trained to become a geisha. It was focused on how a geisha is trained, about the life of a geisha. I always felt myself controlling my emotions especially on trying sequences in the novel. I was controlling my emotions just how Sayuri did, the way a geisha should. The character of Hatsumomo, on the other hand, made me feel mixed emotions. I was angry because of her cruelty to a helpless child but I also pity her because she knows that this very young helpless girl can eat her alive if she will get proper training as a geisha. The first real kindness that she experienced from the â€Å"Chairman† touched her deeply and gave her hope, a sense of purpose which vanished totally after she failed to meet her older sister when they planned to runaway and go back to their home. The book showed me that geishas are not prostitutes. They are well-trained, professional entertainers and although they, most of the time, manipulate men’s emotion for their own welfare, they know where their stand and that those men’s money were reciprocated by services enough that they don’t mind spending them. Communities depended greatly on Geishas, not directly but through the income they get from how the Geisha’s business operates. The book made me understand how hard it is to be a Geisha, how a woman gives her virginity to the highest bidder and how loving does not have a space in a woman’s life if she really want to succeed in her career. The movie did not do much explaining as the book but it was good. It did not show how meticulous it is to tie an obi. I did not feel overwhelmed by the dance scene as I felt reading how it was described in the book. They also changed how Hatsumomo left. In the book, she got so angry on a client that she bit him and after that, she was kicked out of the okiya but in the movie, she burned their okiya. I think it was a major turning point and should not be changed. It was also mentioned in the book how it felt strange when Hatsumomo was not living there in their okiya anymore. It was a good chance to play at the emotions of the viewers. But there were good things about the movie such as perfect soundtrack which carried on the mood and emphasized the emotions felt in different scenes, the casting was perfect although I would have chosen a prettier Mameha, and the colors were vivid, and some scenes made me go through the same emotions again as when I read it in the book such as the distant romance between the Chairman and Sayuri. I would also like it better if it was shown in the movie how the Chairman became Sayuri’s danna and that the two of them moved to NYC and Sayuri decided to put up her own teahouse there. III. Reaction The movie is a great supplement for the book. It was good by itself but reading the book will make you understand more, not only about being a Geisha but the culture in China, the complexity of the difference in economic status, the traditions that remained well-kept, and the depth of the kind of relationship that Sayuri and the Chairman had. The characters were well presented in the books as well as the settings and scenes. I love reading and I don’t get easily bored with books but it is also rare that I feel heavy in the chest to just put a book down. â€Å"Memoirs of a Geisha† is one of my favorite novels and although the movie did not make it to my list, it is a must-see if you read the novel. It would be much better if you read the book first because the movie will just help you visualize although that would not be needed because everything was vividly described by Arthur Golden in the novel the same way Rob Marshall precisely recreated the scenes that preserved the novel’s beautiful tragedy.

Chemistry IA design format Essay Example for Free

Chemistry IA design format Essay 1.0.1- Focus Question- If the mass of magnesium reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed will the temperature of the solution increase and the total mass decrease. 1.0.2- Hypothesis- If the mass of magnesium that is reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed the temperature of the solution will increase and the total mass will decrease. 1.0.3- Theory- The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric reaction is written as follows, Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) (Ng, 2008, pg 1). This reaction goes through two distinct changes that both have an effect on the energy change in the reaction. Enthalpy refers to changes in energy in a compound (Assut, 2008, pg 1). Two distinct changes can occur. An endothermic change occurs when the energy being absorbed is grater then the energy being released whereas and exothermic change is when the energy being released is greater than the energy being absorbed. Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken and energy is released when they are formed (Newton, 2008, pg1). Energy change cannot be directly measured. However energy change affects the physical force of heat. Therefore a heat change is indicative of an energy change. If the heat increase in the solution the change will be exothermic and if the heat decreases the reaction will be endothermic. In respects to the formula Magnesium forms an ionic bond with chlorine to form the salt magnesium chloride. When this bond is formed energy is released in the form of an endothermic change, this energy drop would be quite small however because the bond is ionic and does not take much energy to create since magnesium and chorine bond easily. However the second change is that hydrogen breaks off from chlorine in the hydrochloric acid and hydrogen is released as a gas. The breaking of bonds would absorb energy therefore forming an exothermic reaction. Hydrogen and chorine however form a very strong covalent bond. Covalent bonds form between atoms with similar electronegative forces and are there for take a lot of energy to break ( Anissimov, 2008, pg 1) Since the endothermic change is weak and the exothermic change is strong it can be predicted that the overall change will be exothermic and therefore the solution will heat up. Temperature change in a chemical reaction can be measured with a device known as a calorimeter. A calorimeter measures the heat of the solution before the reaction has occurred and then again after the reactant has been added (Whel, 2008, pg 1). These two values can be mathematically manipulated to find the relative change in temperature. If two of the same substance have different masses it means there is more of the one substance. In a mass of a substance there is a certain amount of material that can be reacted. By increasing mass the amount of substance that may be reacted increases. Therefore if mass increased the amount that of substance reacted will increase as well providing there is enough of the reactant. This will in turn increase the energy change. Also if more of the substance reacts with the reactant more of the reactant will be used up. This means that if the magnesium is increased there will be more reaction with hydrochloric acid; this means that more hydrogen will be released as gas and the total mass of the solution will decrease. Henceforth the change in heat should be greater if their entire solution is lighter as more of the hydrochloric acid has been reacted and hydrogen lost as a gas. Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq)—— (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) Mass will change for each sample, sample range will be 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g and 10g This will be calculated by subtracting the final heat of the solution by the initial heat of the solution. The data will be gathered by using a calorimeter This will be calculated by measuring the weight of the solution and subtracting the weight of the calorimeter and the magnesium. The original mass not including calorimeter and the magnesium will then be subtracted by this value to mind the change of mass in the solution. The temperature of the solution will be heated to 25c and the reaction started immediately. The room temperature will be controlled at 24c The volume of hydrochloric acid will be 40mls per sample. A 50ml calorimeter with electronic thermometer and a scale with milligram accuracy. The experiment will be ended when reaction is fully complete and reaction will be given 10 seconds to calibrate before results are taken Standard 5 replications of each sample will be performed. 1.1.2- Control used in comparison- The reacted samples will be compared against hydrochloric acid with no magnesium that is also 25 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature remains constant there should be no energy or mass change, this would mean that on a graph this would represent a straight line which others samples with energy changes (heat changes) could be compared to. Ng, H.N, 2008, Acid reactions, Vat.Gov.Un, Accessed 21/08/09, http://vat.maharashtra.gov.in/communicationcenter/QueryAnswerSubjectwise.php?start=3090&subId=0000000007. Asset, M.A, 2008, Chemical Enthalpy, Nasa.gov, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/enthalpy.html Newton, R.N, 2008, Energetics and bonding, Unknown sponsor, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.webchem.net/notes/how_far/enthalpy/enthalpy_diagrams.htm Anissimov, T.A, 2007 Chemical bonding, Simon Frasier University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/ Whel, L.W, 2006, Calorimeters, Stanford University, Accessed 21/08/09, http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors/calorimeters.html The procedure of this experiment is a adaption of a previous class experiment. The source of the procedure is unknown, so thanks to Miss Crook for the inspirations for this design. Chemistry IA design format. (2017, Nov 16).

Raw Food Diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Raw Food Diet - Essay Example The 20th century brought huge industrial and economic development to the world, and since its second half, a system of industrial nutrition has been cultivated widely in economically developed countries. As growing urban population needs large food supplies, the crops are often canned, refined and frozen. Such processing methods lead to elimination of useful vitamins and trace nutrients, let alone the fact that many companies add â€Å"undesirable† and not quite useful ingredients for better preservation of the product. Furthermore, lack of balance in diet led to development of obesity and numerous diseases caused by it. Thus, in 1960’s – 1970’s numerous healthy eating movements emerged, including raw foodism. Yet, it should be mentioned that the key principles of raw food eating were developed in the 19th century by the Presbyterian Sylvester Graham who described advantages of eating fresh food and drinking fresh water in prevention of cholera (Graham, 18 49). First raw food restaurant in America opened in 1917 in California was named Euthropheon and didn’t only serve clients, but also carried out informative activity. A very remarkable contribution to raw foodism development was made by Ann Wigmore who studied effects of eating raw food on ill people. Wigmore and Viktor Kulvinskas began treating â€Å"incurable† diseases and thus proved usefulness of raw products for health. Still, raw food like sprouts, salads and wheatgrass juice is very health-friendly, but it isn’t the most delicious option.

Quiestion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quiestion 1 - Essay Example I was not really thinking of how my audience would feel as they read through my essay. Maybe, at some point in my essay, I was subconsciously trying to persuade my readers into believing that I made the right decision to join the Navy. However, that was not intentional on my part. I was simply stating facts in my life and I was not really aware as to how this would impact on my audience. To my knowledge, my writing style was not in any manner influenced by my audience. I wrote the essay as if I was just writing in my diary. I did not have any style of writing in mind. All I wanted to do was to be able to share my experience. It did not matter if my audience would judge me for the decisions that I made during the span of my career. I did not care even if I would be judged rightly or wrongly for the career path that I took. I wrote my experience as honestly as I can. All I wanted was to stick to the facts, unmask my true feelings and be credible, even if my audience was not interested. Project 3 My audience is my primary consideration while I was writing this essay on the need to abolish capital punishment. I wanted to get their 100% attention because I wanted to drive a point to them. At any one point of my essay, I wanted to be convincing enough so that my audience will believe the idea I was trying to espouse. On the first part of my essay, I presented to my audience that capital punishment is against the United States constitution. I also explained how the punishment is executed. I explained how lethal injection affects the person being executed. It is my purpose to present facts first to my audience so that they may have some basis for whatever decision they will come up with regards to the legality, as well as the morality of the death penalty. While writing my essay, I put in mind that my audience could be divided into three categories. First are the advocates of death penalty. Second, are the people who like me, are against capital punishment. The third c ategory is the undecided. These are the people who are still trying to weigh things and looking at the advantages and disadvantages of death penalty. I think that my essay is more directed to those belonging to the third category, the undecided. They are the people who need a lot of convincing. They are the reason why I chose the writing style that I resorted to which is the appeal to the emotions. Most of the words that I used are very emphatic and aims to touch their hearts. At the same time, I also appealed to their intellectual capacities by citing various facts and findings regarding the disadvantages of death penalty. I had to present some information on the flaws of the United States’ justice system and the abolition of capital punishment on most developed countries. I wanted to convince my audience that death penalty is inhuman, if not barbaric. With regards to my writing style, I tried to be very persuasive in order to put my audience into action against death penalt y. I often used thought- provoking questions and presented it to my audience to get them into thinking seriously on the negative effects of death penalty and why it should be abolished. I tried my best to be very purposeful in the sentences that I used. In conclusion, I think that if I chose a scholarly writing style, I would not be as effective in persuading my audience to abhor and act against the death penalty. Since my goal is not only to inform but to persuade my audience, the appeal to

Leadership and Change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership and Change management - Essay Example An effective form of leadership can be recognized as one of the chief determinants for an organization to attain competitive position in the fiercely growing business market (Andriopoulos and Dawson 197-199). The report aims to demonstrate the fundamental concept of leadership and its major significance in organizational success or failure. With regard to proactively recognize the roles and importance of leadership, the discussion of this project report enables to understand the leadership styles and functions of Jeff Bezos, the founder and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Amazon.com, Inc. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW With regard to the study of Collins (2002), certain crucial factors like increased level of internationalization along with globalization and prevalence of extreme business market competition denote the emerging need of performing effective leadership practices within an organization. These effectual leadership practices can encourage the employees to perform better than th e existing efforts perform by them. Moreover, the practices help in enhancing the empowerment skills of every organizational member and generating new ideas in the workplace, resulting in accomplishing predetermined business targets of the organizations (Collins, â€Å"The Effectiveness of Managerial Leadership Development Programs: A Meta-Analysis of Studies from 1982-2001†). ... k of the recent activities and (3) learning about the challenges of working responsibility that occurs during the development level of leadership in an organization. Relating to this significant concern, the above discussed methods clearly define the selection of appropriate individuals as leaders who possess the ability to endure the indistinctness, relativity of knowledge along with the possessiveness of determining and continuing to learn innovative methods of working tasks (McCauley, â€Å"Leader Development: A Review of Research†). 3. COMPANY HISTORY Amazon is regarded as one of the foremost and renowned online retailers, which deals in selling various sorts of products over the web (internet). The company was founded by Jeff Bezos in the year 1994 and started its e-commerce business in the year 1995. With the rapid pace of technological developments along with the fiercely growing online business market, the organization has been recognized to develop its brand position through developing quality products or services to the global clients through online. Currently, the organization tends to offer a huge collection of products or services that include books, electronic goods, computer parts and accessories along with clothing and furniture items to the global customers over the medium of internet (Krishnamurthy, â€Å"Amazon.Com - A Business History†). 4. HISTORY OF THE FOUNDER Jeffrey P. Bezos (Jeff Bezos) is viewed to be a highly renowned name in the global online retailing business industry. The leader became much popular for his exceptional leadership skills that eventually made Amazon to become one of the successful and giant online stores in the respective business industry. Relating to the earliest days of Bezos, the leader graduated from Princeton University

Car Difting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Car Difting - Essay Example I am fascinated by high speed endeavors; high speed car drifting is one of them, though not very many people like or approve it. Car drifting improves my abilities to concentrate and control. I like car drifting because of a host of reasons. Since I was born, I have always liked to express myself in motorsports. I have watched racing movies and racing competitions for so long. I wished time would come when I get to position myself at the steering wheel and maneuver through corners at speeds not many people would dare. When I finally got a car that could enable me to drift with the least negative consequences, I made car drifting a routine activity. My liking is so great that I am willing to overlook the costs of burned tires and damaged car parts. Though it is an extremely dangerous and costly affair, I am always thrilled to step in the car and drift my way around corners or other bent parts of the road. I also like drifting because of it, I have leant many drifting techniques and the physics of racing. The feeling I get when adrenaline is rushing through my blood is great. I’ve always wanted to be in control. I like control that comes from concentrating on a particular activity. Once I realized that car drifting improves my levels of concentration and helps me gain a lot of control in driving, I have never been detached from it. This, among other aforementioned reasons is why I like car drifting even if it is dangerous and non-appealing to the majority of the population. It is clear to me that I not only get thrilled by car drifting, but also learn to control and concentrate. Quite frankly, my judgment derived from car drifting enables me to control other vehicles despite the terrain. I can have my way with many cars as a result of my liking for car drifting. Evidently, my liking for car drifting surpasses the consideration for negative effects of car drifting. This is

Conservation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conservation - Research Paper Example Harp seal’s meat poses a great danger to human when consumed. Infected meat by brucella bacteria cause brucellosis disease when human consumes it in improperly cooked manner. A nematode called trichinella is a parasite that is present in harp seal’s meat. This parasite is transferable to human causing trichinosis. Harp seals produce oil that forms part of omega 3 used in the treatment of heart disease condition. In addition, the oil functions in maintaining brain functions, lowering chronic diseases risks and reducing inflammation. Research also shows their importance in lowering risks in cancer and arthritis. The harp seals originated from the northern hemisphere dating back to over 20 million years ago identified through their fossils. Civilization resulted into global warming due to the gases released by the industries, vehicles and other human practices. This has caused the ice sizes, which are vital to harp seal survival to shrink resulting in increased natural mortality rate of the seals. Harp seals have a range of fur types during the development stages. They have white coats at birth that turn to jagged coat that forms silver-white furs with small black spots as they develop. The black spots become larger as they mature and finally forms the harp designed black line (Landau 2010). The males are lager in size while the female are colorful. Bacteria that cause brucellosis are Gram-negative with the dominating species in marine animals being Brucella pinipediae and Brucella cetaceae. The bacteria exhibit inhibition of necrosis allowing it to invade and persists human cells. Bacteria result in brucellosis the cause several neuronal disorders. Trichinosis results from the parasite Trichinella spiralis that cause abdominal discomfort, nausea, fatigue and fever in human beings. In seal oil production, their skins are the major part of target. This oil contains docosapentanoic acid (DPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and

Human systems-Co-ordination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human systems-Co-ordination - Essay Example The hormones released by the gland effect on growth, sexual development, metabolism and system of reproduction. Pituitary Gland consists of anterior pituitary and posterior Pituitary (Endocrine System) Growth hormone - stimulates growth in early days and is vital for keeping up a strong body composition. In grownups it is also responsible for retaining muscle mass and bone mass. It can influence fat allocation in the body. Antidiuretic hormone - is stored in the posterior pituitary gland and adjusts water balance. Improper release of this hormone, this can lead to salt problems and water balance, and could can affect the kidneys. The hypothalamus is division of the brain that lies just over the pituitary gland. It discharges hormones that begin and end the release of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus regulates hormone production in the pituitary gland by several "releasing" hormones. Some of these are growth hormone-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and corticoptropin-releasing hormone, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (The hormone Foundation) Humoral factors assist to build up the lymphoid system, which is a system throughout the body that facilitate it to achieve a mature immune response in cells to defend them from attacking germs and bacteria. (Definition of Thymus) Pineal Gland has long been interest for the medical experts. It is located at the center of the brain It secretes a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin regulates sleeping habits. Studies prove an increased production of this hormone when night falls and thus people feel sleepy; when morning arrives the melatonin production drops which triggers alertness. (Dr. Gary Farr 2003) These are male’s twin reproductive glands that produce a hormone called testosterone. Testosterone assist a boy build up and then continue his sexual behavior. Throughout puberty, testosterone aids to carry about the physical modifications that turn a boy into an adult

Envirnmental issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Envirnmental issues - Essay Example It is a threat to the environment because it has led to an increase in the temperature of the world which has been accompanied by other ecological alterations (Houghton 2004). Global warming as the name indicates is a worldwide problem which has been explained by Sir David King who is the chief scientific adviser of the UK government in the following words, â€Å"Climate change is a far greater threat to the world than international terrorism† (BBC, 2004). Global warming is basically a rise in the temperature of the world. The increased release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has been identified as a major reason for global warming. This results due to the increased usage of motor vehicles which have been linked with emissions of carbon in the atmosphere. Furthermore, increased industrialization has also resulted in an increase in the release of these gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation accompanied with the forest fires are also major reasons for the rise in the global temperature across the world (Chemical & Engineering News, 2005; Desonie, 2008). Strict regulations are essential for all the contributors of global warming. It has been seen that laws have been passed with regard to controlling the emission of gases from the motor vehicles. Research is underway for the creation of ways that limit the passage of gases into the atmosphere. Permafrost is one such substance which limits the release of the emissions into the atmosphere. But its efficiency is also reducing. The best method to control global warming is to limit the release of gases into the atmosphere and hence this would limit the raise in the temperature of the world (Bhargava 2004; Desonie, 2008; Tesar, 1991). The issue of global warming needs to be tackled as it is an issue of concern. It can lead to severe effects for the environment of the world. The increased temperature across the globe can result in the melting of glaciers which would

Plato, Greek Art and Censorship Essay Example for Free

Plato, Greek Art and Censorship Essay It is imperative that we begin the illustration of Plato’s pursuit for censorship with the definition of his times, the context by which his beliefs on music and poetry were formulated.   Greece during Hellenic times was distinctively marked by a superior regard to the polis or the city-state. With what the civil wars wrought to its citizens, the Greeks developed a strong inclination towards the attainment of what they believed to be the kallipolis or the ideal state, one that is marked by justice, order and harmony, and will do everything in its power to preserve it. The general concession of its superiority justified acts which would have been highly condemnable in the present times. Acts like infanticide and common life are surely not to arouse the approval of the many. One of the necessary steps that Plato strongly advocated for the attainment of the idea state, was the censorship of the arts, music and poetry alike. In summary he claims that the polis needed to constrain its arts, to mitigate its negative influences and curb the dangerous effect of its mimeric nature if they were to avoid the disruption of the state, more like its demise considering how pervasive arts was during the Hellenic period. Plato’s definition of censorship came in the form of 1) the prohibition of music that was intrinsically bad, and 2) the sanctioning of tales that were weaved from a state of madness, thereby promoting false virtues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On Music – It was a general belief during those times that there existed some form of music that was intrinsically bad or an aberration to the natural harmony of the universe. These were the songs whose words upheld false virtues and songs whose musical tones were derived from the improper order of interval. There in the sequencing of its notes lay a palpable sense of disharmony and discordance which mathematicians and philosophers went to great lengths to prove.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is to be said too that the soul is part of a force called Harmonia – a force that brings to union all elements of the universe, good and bad. The soul acts like a sponge, is its modern rhetoric equivalent, absorbing the discordance of the notes and sending the soul to a confused state as it cannot adequately grasps the things it acquires (Republic 78). The faculties of the physical body become misguided and the resulting man is one who is corrupt and unable to discern what is just from not. Hence, guardians, producers and rulers were considered susceptible to music’s negative influences and must be then censored by the polis if it were to protect man’s virtues. Rhythm and harmony penetrate the inner part of the soul and that gracelessness, bad rhythm and disharmony are akin to bad words and character (Republic III)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This was perhaps the first attempt to advance the concept of the subliminal meaning. The Doctrine of Ethos – music’s ability to form one’s character – still remains on solid ground after centuries. I find sense in what these early philosophers claim. How else do we explain the anarchic proclivities of Rock Music and Rap’s inclination towards street violence despite shifts in paradigm of the many generations that have passed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On Poetry – Here Plato refers to drama, tragedies and words of a song without the musical notes.   Unlike the subliminal effect of some music, poetry has a more direct and invasive effect to one’s character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Plato’s Theory of Forms states that Nature is an imperfect representation of the ideal and perfect reality of Forms; that man ought to take actions that will bring him closer to the reality of Forms. If poetry represents that which is already imperfect, the resulting work ushers man away from the light and further into the shadows. Without the light, man now becomes a slave to the shadows he continuously imitates.   Moreover, when exposed to poetic illusions man naturally takes on what he sees and starts to assume the character of the poetic subject, in whole or in parts. This mimeric nature, Plato says, is dangerous as this will distract man from achieving his highest state of being.   It is better to stick to one craft and be good at it than to acquire all trades but be good at none. Guardians must be prohibited to learn the trade of the poets. This is   to ensure that his optimum self is achieved.   Otherwise he starts to neglect his duties to the state.   Also, the process of producing poetry sends the artist in a temporal state of divine inspiration or madness, simply that he loses all sense of rationality, he weaves one that is not according to Reason’s dictates but that of his many passions, ignorance and possibly appetites albeit the poetic charm. Anything that is far from Reason is necessarily deemed unhealthy for the kallipolis. Clearly the Hellenic times were defined by their end goals. Plato and others saw censorship, along with many state policies, as a justified means to their end. The present times, however, see a completely different paradigm. People have long shown the world that the morality of the means is just as considerable as the end itself. Censorship to a substantial part of the world is unacceptable. Now, it’s all about rights to freedom of speech and expression. When New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority decides to cut off offensive language from the radio, immediately journalists are tagging it as discrimination. In US alone how many controversial lawsuits, to include a high school valedictorian as complainant, have been filed because people have been forbidden to make religious references. Plato would have been shocked, even enraged at this underlying idea of the Individual catching up with the State; or the state policies being subservient to Individual Rights. He would have thought it a narrow insight and I completely agree.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All this talk on Rights and Freedom of Expression is based on the faulty assumption that 1) everyone is capable of responsible and sensible expressions, and 2) everyone is capable of judicious interpretations of these expressions. When truth of the matter is that when people make tirade speeches against a group , they almost always fail to consider the sensibilities of whose who are being attacked. One’s unguarded   expression becomes another one’s discrimination. To compound things, people are impressionable. Plato was correct when he said that man naturally adopts the things he sees and hears no matter how unjust and far from virtues. Man doesn’t generally step back and take a moment to carefully weigh what he perceives. To those who can, notice that they don’t go out of their way to educate the public. These educated minds have become an elite preferring apathy. This is what turns expressions into social disturbances. Sooner or later when more people start to believe, these expressions become acceptable truths. Eventually they become imbibed as values. With the advent of the digital age, things are even escalated. The cyberspace contains practically all sorts of information, educated, trash, pornographic and otherwise, which can be accessed by anyone even those who are not in the right minds to discern right from wrong. Censorship, contrary to what people believe as a tyrannical act against freedom, is simply responsible regulation. It is to ensure that information is accessed   by the right audience and that the propensity of these expressions to stir and rouse disturbances is curbed. This time it is to preserve not the State but the Society with the Individual at its core and Values at stake. Each processes information or whatever elements one picks up from the cosmos in various ways and degrees. What misguided minds process as motivation for unjust ways may be an educated mind’s trigger for higher knowledge. But if takes only one out of a thousand and perhaps millions of minds to have his virtues corrupted because of unregulated information, that for me, and should so for the progressively liberal states, provide more than enough justification for censorship.   It is a rational step to reduce freedom’s excesses especially in a time where the universe presents wider, freer and borderless ways by which man can inflict harm to another, even to himself. Works Cited Plato. â€Å"The Republic†, translated by Benjamin Jowett, http://classics.mit.edu

Mobilization for War Essay Example for Free

Mobilization for War Essay Herman Goering thought that no Air force or military in the world could stand up to that of the Nazi Luftwaffe. His boastful statement was made with well acclaim in that the Luftwaffe was a very powerful aerial force, but he was being narrow-minded when he made this statement against the production potential of the United States, which has time and time again has proved to be the most powerful nation in the world. Without the military production of the United States, the Allies would not have had a chance against the Germans and their powerful forces. Through many changes, the labor and production force of the U.S. changed from producing civilian goods, to producing military goods. These goods were supplied to all nations of the Allied Powers, and the United States quickly became the most important factor in World War II. Starting in 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt promised to help the United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany by providing them with military supplies, but while staying out of actual combat. Roosevelt gave a radio broadcast on December 29, 1940, to address Americans to support the Allies in Europe and China, in their war against Germany and Japan. He called the nation an â€Å"Arsenal of Democracy† to  reference the powerful industrial machine it is, and how it can be the supplier of military goods to the Allied war effort. The United States military forces and most allied forces relied on the United States production of food and military goods. This meant that Americans on the home-front had to be rationed for what they can have, which meant they can only purchase so much of certain items. Many consumer goods had to be severely rationed or taken out of the market totally, because they were needed for the war effort. This is why Americans were encouraged to grow â€Å"Victory Gardens† so that they produced their own food, and what food they normally consumed from markets could help contribute to our troops as well as those of the Allied forces. Food production was then focused on providing for the troops instead of the everyday consumer, because they were expected to contribute for themselves and thus help contribute to the soldiers. The United States also made many technological innovations that helped revolutionize certain aspects of war, one of these being the pressurized air cabin in air planes. This helped prevent pilots from getting hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the blood), while also letting planes fly higher, and with more comfort for its passengers. This meant allied bombers like the b-29 could fly higher and escape low anti air missiles and fire from the ground. The Manhattan Project that the U.S. held with the United Kingdom and Canada also helped produce many technological innovations. The main product of this research program was the atomic bomb that would eventually be ordered into use on Japan, and would usher in their surrender and the end of the Second World War. We all know now that Goering’s statement was terribly misinformed, otherwise Germany and the Axis Powers would not have been defeated by the Allies. The United States was the team Captain in this effort and without them the chances of winning would have been slim to none. In the case of this war, and in the case of any war, production plays a key role, and in World War Two, the United States â€Å"Arsenal of Democracy† provided the Allies with the goods and resources necessary for victory.

Impact of Employee Relations in Banks

Impact of Employee Relations in Banks Employee relationship management find conflict among employees as major drawback for organization to progress with its endeavors. Most of the time conflicts occur due to different cultures that people come from and less knowledge on Johari window way by the theory help people to work through their stereo types. Another reason for conflict is the of work, for example some employee are task oriented and other have artistic view and people oriented i.e. task oriented employee would want to finish the job in whatever manner but an artistic employee would prefer to do the job in particular manner or include certain individual. Employee performance and motivation problems Performance of the employee can play a major role for success or failure. Employees under performing would cost the organization fortune especially in a banking industry where competition is increasing every day. Employee poor performance could be caused by two main issues, first, is the employee skilled enough to handle the task? has the company motivated the employee in question enough to handle pressure the task present? and is the employee capable to do the job? Secondly, another cause is the system to do the task for instance managerial behavior, effect of coworkers behavior and resource distribution. http://performance-appraisals.org/faq/causesproblems.htm Unmotivated employee will not positively influence the performance of the banks. To bring about good performance everyone has to give all the effort to the organization and more importantly they should be motivated. Employee becomes unmotivated because the banks processes are too ambiguous hence providing a lot hardship, the bank is experiencing continuous conflict and behavior effect. Turnover and retention concerns This is another employee relation challenges that also especially banks encounter. Generally turnover causes are economic issue and labor market condition they affect significantly the turnover rate. But also non-competitive compensation, poor fit of employee and the job, very poor working condition and monotony increases employee turnover. Employee more often may seek for better green pasture to improve their living standard. Sometime some employee find the job to be too monotonous hence their morale goes down and as result affect the performance of the organization. Turnover cost for many banks are very high which include direct cost such as recruitment, selection and training of the new employees. Indirect cost include reduced productivity, increased of workload for remaining employee as they have to cover and overtime expense for the colleague. http://www.romeroconsulting.com/example_employee_relations_issues.htm Overcoming employee relations challenges For turnover and retention problems most banks conduct training on their employees so that for example the job becomes less monotonous and challenging. Banks that have low employee turnover they are said to be employee oriented and they come up with well compensation package they always hire the right people for the job. An interaction with the employees regularly is required so that the manager can understand they core problems. Distribution of right resource to perform task can increase performance of employees and reward systems can always boost morale of employees. The employer should come with new approaches and practical tips for the banks success. Employee relations in collaboration with human resource management can avoid conflict before they happen by understanding and identifying the strength and weakness of the employees. Employers should assign jobs to employees that fit their skill sets. For team conflict employer should pick a team leader who is capable to handle pressure that teammate present. Banks should see if the employees who are involved in conflict are affecting the performance and productivity of the organization, once the parties involved in the conflict are identified then it will be easy to solve problems. http://www.ehow.com/how_2076427_address-poor-employee-performance.html Advantage of maintaining good employee relation in banks There are advantages for organization good relationship with its employees apart from increase the general performance; the company will also enjoy the following. Reduced Absenteeism For many banks in Tanzania, they have managed their employees with authoritarian style whereby absenteeism of the employee will not be tolerated. This is because many banks in Tanzania are privately owned hence even the unions cannot bring total impact on any companys wrong doing. Therefore good employee relation will bring benefits to the bank by reducing the cause that mounts absenteeism such as continuous employee conflict and job satisfaction. Improving motivation and morale A good employee relation in banks would be able to increase motivation and morale. A motivated group of employee would be able to bring very beneficial result that most banks are always relishing to accomplish. By avoiding things that would discourage motivation this is a hard-working process but very crucial to the success of the business. We have witnessed most banks in Tanzania have provided their employees with a positive working environment. Also personal incentives always do trick of raising employees motivation and morale. Loyalty is increased Most banks in Tanzania have managed to gain loyalty from their employees as most banks have been able to install good procedure that suit employees specification. Employees would not be certain if they leave what they experience from other banks. Bank that trains its employees more often will be able to increase confidence of employees and hence increase their loyalty to the company. The bank would be able to get competitive edge if employees are engaged. Engaged employees would take less sick day as they know they influence in the organization. Reducing turnover Good employee relation will reduce the employee turnover as the employee issues that contribute to employee turnover are eliminated. Skilled employees who are not paid well would want to move on, but a good employee relationship management will not let that happen. The employee will be given what he/she needs since they are crucial to the banks performance. Employee relationship management would be able to have saved recruitment and selection cost that would come as result of high rate employee turnover. Losing the most skilled employees to competitors its like giving out your own gun to be shot with. Introduction of easy working practices Committed employees would feel unchallenged on the on the repetitive job each and every day. Monotonous working practice would reduce the performance of the employee as they do not feel motivated well enough. A good bank employee relation would introduce new and easy working practice more often. By doing this the bank would be able to increase the banks output. Additionaly, the new practice would be able to consider not waste companys resources. Hence employees will be more committed thus affecting the quality of service from banks and reduces rejections. http://www.citehr.com/1324-advantage-maintaining-good-employee-relations.html#axzz1BRG1N0zU Disadvantage of incompetent employee relation in banks Sometime most banks fail to tackle problems that relate to employee relation due to the following reason: Employee relationship management letting the union to get a lot of power would deprive the banks ability to succeed as the unions would control the organization position. After the company has realized what is happening then it will be too late. As we have learned that some trade union bring political agenda that they want to champion so that the society can recognized that there is a problem. Therefore employee relation should not union grow its power to influence the fortune of banks but acquire mutual interest for all parties involved. Banks that have set up employee relationship management will incur extra cost from the department. Sometimes employee relation does not live to the expectations in such a way that the problems that should be solved by it are still roaming within the organization. The division is supposed to monitor workplace challenges before the union does and solve them before they become a nuisance to the organization. Therefore any failure to tackle means unnecessary costs have been incurred by the banks. Single employer bargaining can be expensive because of the need to maintain a centralized employee relation. For single employer bargaining, there is inflexibility and makes it hard to accommodate difference in production systems, the service markets, labor market and technologies within centralized bargaining systems. It could also be hard to integrate new businesses within employee relation systems. For employee relation to be effective it requires very effective communication in company. The level of management decision making will increase if the employee relationship management work independently as a result reducing the employee commitment to these decision and local management. (David Farnham, pg 236) For workplace bargaining, it employee relationship management complicates labor cost control. As this is a bargaining that occurs between the management and union representatives, there are high chances of increasing the danger of wage parity by the unions. Also it requires management to put its best people who have negotiation skills to neutralize the effort of union to have an upper hand on the outcome of negotiation. Conclusion In this second easy we have taken analytical view towards employee relation and its real impact on banking sector in the case of Tanzania where we dont have many of public owned bank where union can also have an impact. We gave seen how globalization has also brought some problems and fortune to the banking industry. New venture have realized due to globalization for instance the transfer of banking technology to Tanzania form abroad is one factor that globalization has inspired banking industry to progress. On the other hand, the coming of technology would raise concerns over employee job security. The aim of banks to bring new technology is sometimes to cut down cost in the long-run, so this will obviously raise concerns towards employee who fear for their job. The essay went further to look on the recognition of unions in Tanzania banks and we realized that in Tanzania they very less banks that can be influenced by trade union since many of them are privately owned. The only trade union that employee relations have been able to interact with is Trade Union Congress of Tanzania (TUCTA) where bank such as Tanzania postal bank employee can real much on TUCTA. The impact of trade unions in banking industry profitability is very high. So banks should come with approaches that would manage the unions in a way that they do not impact negatively on the performance of the organization. We have look on approaches such as Unitarist, pluralist, Marxist and adversarial approach. It is also indicated that employee relation should much be governed by agreements, rules and regulation to handle unions. As we have realized that not only external factor that are important to organization success but also internal constraint are also crucial to the companies and therefore they should be managed very well using appropriate management styles. It seemingly appears that privately owned banks use authoritarian way of managing to handle internal issues affecting the banks. Other management styles include opportunist and Paternalistic. Recommendation This is very important aspect of business and especially in banking industry. Banks should consider taking employee relations very seriously as employees are part and parcel of the organization success or failure. New innovative ideas should be brought forward so that business process and practice could be made simple thus improving organization performance. Employee relationship management in collaboration with human resource they should come up with ways that will resolve dispute in more modern way even without involvement of trade unions. The management should assess employee relation future trend and research on the potential findings that can be applied in third world countries e.g. Tanzania. The influence of technology should not be left untouched as technology will play a big part in the future employee relation success. The employee relation view should be much flexible to tackle issues that have not been resolved yet with management. Employee relation should help in avoiding unnecessary problems such poor working condition. These are problems that union is working to abolish them but on the other hand they problems that increase unnecessary cost than if they had been tackled beforehand. Employer should engage employee in activities or even during decision making process so that they can be more motivate and very loyal to the org anization this should incorporate they payment structure and other compensation packages which seem to be the most coveted things by employees.

Boewulf :: Boewulf Essays

Boewulf The section entitled "Further Celebration at Heorot" opens after Boewulf has slain Grendel's mother. This becomes acceptable adult behavior when you realize that Grendel and his mother are both monsters from the same evil metal. Beowulf has returned to King Hrothgar's beautiful Heorot Hall to celebrate his victory over evil Grendel. Beowulf's boasts illuminate his heroic deeds. His crowing declares the mead hall now safe for all the thanes to drink in once again. Hrothgar, the honorable king of the Danes, is grateful for the monster's slaughter that Beowulf has done but is also reflective. Drawing on the experiences of a long life, he confides in Beowulf that he should not be quite so full of himself. He states: "Keep yourself against that wickedness, beloved Beowulf, best of men, and choose better-eternal gains. Have no care for pride, great warrior. Now for a time there is glory in your might: yet soon it shall be that sickness or sword will diminish your strength, or fire's fangs, or flood's surge, or sword's swing, or spear's flight, or appalling age; brightness of eyes will fail and glow dark; then it shall be that death will overcome you, warrior." Hrothgar is a wise and noble king. He is much older than Beowulf and sees much of his former self in the young warrior. Having lived and learned many lessons from the thousands of experiences that Beowulf has yet to face, with great affection for Hygelac's thane, Hrothgar tries to use his wisdom to help and Beowulf on the difficult road ahead. To illustrate his point, Hrothgar recounts the story of Heremod, a miserably notorious king, who stayed from the codes and procedures of that warrior caste. The evil one's main failure was a lack of respect for his people. As Hrothgar explains, "He grew great, not for their joy, but for their slaughter." Not only did Heremod fail to share a portion of the wealth and power that God has given him with his loyal retainers. he performed the most heinous of crimes, the killing of his own clansman. In the end, this king, having failed to live a just life, had few friends and died unhappy. Then his people, without longing for their departed king, advanced someone else to the office. Beowulf does not have any fear that Hrothgar's vision is in his future. He is confident of his amazing courage. His states, "Sometimes fate can save the undoomed man if his courage is good.

John Q Adams :: American History

John Q Adams John Adams had three remarkable careers in his lifetime. One as an enemy of British oppression and champion of independence. As an American diplomat in Europe and as the first vice-president and second president of the United States. His diary, letters and speeches showed him to be very patriotic, a stong family man and tough-minded philosopher. Adams was born in Quincy, Mass. on October 30, 1735. He was born in a small house that is still standing and open to visitors. His father was a Deacon and fifth generation farmer. His parents were both fond of reading, wrote John and give him a good education. He became the first of his family to go to college when he entered Harvard in 1751. For the next six years he read intensly while he taught school and studied law in Boston. In 1762 he began a fourteen year successful law career. In 1761 he began to think, write and act against British oppression and for the right of colonies to self-government. He was patriotic and held many local offices. In 1770 he insured that the British soldiers accused of the Boston Massacre received a fair hearing. He defended the soldiers at their trial. He spoke out against mob violence and other forms of social disintegration. In 1774 to 1776 Adams was a deligate to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. He was a champion of American rights in Congress and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. John Adams' presidency that lasted from 1797 to 1801 was a troubled one. Adams made many contributions during his term. He gave the Government stability by continuing practices established under Washington. The crisis he faced was the difficult relations with France.When in the XYZ affair peace commissioners retuned from Paris with stories of bribery and deceit, Adams built up the armed forces and took many national security measures. Jefferson and the Republicans and Hamilton and some Federalists wanted war with France for economic reasons, but Adams kept his nerve and when the opportunity was there he sent another peace commissioner to France and defused the crisis. Because of his opponents, he has forced out of office after one term. After his presidency, he and his wife Abigail moved back to Mass.

The Donora Death Fog :: Air Pollution Environmental Issues Essays

The Donora Death Fog â€Å"D-Town!† Back home in Canonsburg, a small suburb outside of Pittsburgh, this is how we refer to Donora. We joke that the only thing in Donora is the roller skating rink, but even this is inaccessible to anyone who’s not a D-town native because when you are at the age to want to go roller skating you aren’t brave enough to enter into the Donora city limits. Only dedicated roller-skaters are brave enough to dare the elements of Donora. Of course, one, particularly a girl, would never think of going to Donora alone. But for me, I was never really that scared of Donora because my grandparents live nearby and we used to have dinner at the Ponderosa that has since closed. But, I never missed the opportunity to poke fun at that â€Å"rough† territory. Recently, I drove through D-town. The shops are boarded up. There’s graffiti everywhere. In addition to the roller rink there are a few bars and decrepit restaurants. I always assumed that it was the gi gantic Wal-mart that had caused this once thriving town to fall to shambles. But, this town, as I recently learned, was the site of the â€Å"worst recorded industrial air pollution accident in US history† (The Donora Fluoride Fog). This disaster intrigued me, so I decided to do some research regarding what happened. My investigation first led me to find that twenty people died from October 26-31, 1948 (Pennsylvania DEP). According to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation website, the town population was about 14,000 at the time of the disaster. Devastatingly, about half-7,000-of those people became ill or hospitalized. My investigation led me to discover that this disaster was â€Å"created by unchecked industrial emissions and stagnant air conditions† (Donora’s Killer Smog Noted at 50). These conditions led to a smog fog hanging around the area. The American Steel & Wire Co., a subsidiary of the US Steel Group, was the local plant responsible for producing these emissions and conditions. It is also widely accepted that the weather conditions were prominent in producing the disaster. In October of 1998, spokespeople for the industry agreed that the disaster was unfortunate and tragic, but did not fail to note that, at the time of the disaster, clean air acts did not exist. If any good could come from this disaster it was the funding for research about clean air and the eventual passing of clean air acts and legislation.

American Beauty (movie)

The movie American Beauty bears the name of the most popular in the USA brand of roses. The roses are present in the picture everywhere. They are like a scarlet ribbon running through the canvas of the narration, each time concentrating audience’s attention upon themselves as upon the stereotype of American beauty. This is not a story about empty cellophane bag flying in the wind. This is not a saga about a masturbating wimp American man. And even not about that that life is a shit and women are you know who. This is rather the story of stereotypization of mass conscience that reached global proportion.This is a story about that that our life as any reality is a mosaic with different patterns – sometimes even ugly and detestable. Some of us see the life lines interlacing as a stifling web and others see it as roads running away beyond the skyline. Overall, American Beauty is a film about the life of an average American family, and problems experienced by each member of this family. And in this case it does not matter is the family American, English, French or any other as it was already mentioned the stereotypical conscience became global.Movie plot is simple enough and, to certain extent, hackneyed. To tell the truth the beginning of the picture evokes feelings of boredom as you expect a typical tearful story of jerk husband, stinker wife, their daughter suffering from loneliness and lack of understanding and their neighbors – a bit screwed guy, trading drugs and practicing voyeurisme with his video camera, his father, colonel retired, who hates homosexuals being himself a latent homosexual. However, the way all this story is presented makes this movie different and distinguished.American Beauty is impressive for the fact that there are no right or guilty characters in the story. For example, Lester (Kevin Spacey) is not a dull, horny jerk, he is rather an average man who could not achieve in this life anything or even establish a normal f amily, where al least someone would understand and support him. His wife Carolyn (Annette Bening) is not a stinker or a whore; she is a simply unhappy woman, which tries hard to bluster way out of difficult life â€Å"I will sell this house today, I will sell this house today†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Carolyn), but fails.And their daughter Jane (Thora Birch) is not a wicked child dreaming of killing her parents but rather a poor little girl, who feels awfully lonely and seeks for someone to understand her. The central event of the film is the moment when Lester is trying to free himself from the chains of commonness and dullness of the life surrounding him. He quits his well-paid position and starts working in McDonald’s and going in for sport. But the outward manifestation is not the point; the point is that Lester got free inward.He ceased being afraid of his wife, he has got that job which does not give you satisfaction and where you have to lick the boots of your boss is worthless. These changes made Lester feel free and happy! â€Å"I feel like I've been in a coma for about twenty years. And I'm just now waking up. † (Lester) But this is the moment when an inevitable end had to come. Lester is killed. Any person from his surrounding could have done it. Daughter Jane, who could not stand his lusty stare at her classmate: â€Å"I need a father who's a role model, not some horny geek-boy who's gonna spray his shorts every time I bring a girlfriend home from school.†(Jane); wife Carolyn, who hates him as she regards him as a sluggard and loser; Jane’s friend, Ricky (Wes Bentley), whom Jane asked to kill her father; Ricky’s father, crazy about patriotism and fascism colonel, who believes his son to have an affair with Lester; and even Lester who feels good and likes his new life. Why not to die at such a moment? To leave this world with pleasant emotions†¦ I guess I could be pretty pissed off about what happened to me †¦ but it's hard to stay mad when there's so much beauty in the world.Sometimes I feel like I'm seeing it all at once, and it's too much. My heart fills up like a balloon that's about to burst †¦ (Lester) The movie is masterfully shot in all respects. Young film director Sam Mendes has demonstrated fairly good sense of humor and style. Take for example red rose-petals emerging as soon as Lester gets absorbed in his erotic fantasies. Red petals serve as unambiguous, though delicate euphemism of orgasmic feelings of the main character. This cross-cutting image looks very nice though till the end of film it becomes exuberant and starts irritating.And finally the empty bag fluttering in the wind is like a key symbol of the film. It is noticed by Ricky through his camera lens, who looks at the world only in this way, through his camera, as it makes reality to be accepted easier. â€Å"Video's a poor excuse, I know. But it helps me remember†¦ and I need to remember†¦ Sometimes th ere's so much beauty in the world I feel like I can't take it, like my heart's going to cave in† (Ricky) Ricky, as a real artist, sees beauty in the things which are seen by others as ugly.This is, as a matter of fact, the notion of â€Å"American beauty†, the world, which you see beyond U. S. model through this or that stimulating means. American beauty is a McDonald’s, but not as a place where you come to gorge fast, sooner as a place of inner freedom. This is a bright scarlet car, of which you dreamt all your life but had not bought because there were more â€Å"useful† things you had to buy. In the long run, American beauty is your inner freedom, freedom in mind and not under the canopy of Star & Stripes flag. Bibliography American Beauty. Dir. Sam Mendes. 1999. DVD, 2002.

Let’s Be Lefties for a Day

The perception of normality is ground on how closely you resemble the mass of people (Devry College, 2013, workweek One Assignment, Para. 1). I affirm been mature travel byed since second grade. This was not al elans the case though. When I began Kindergarten in 1985, I was pre plethoricly leave get throughed. I was persistently discouraged from piece of music with my left tump over and eventu on the whole in ally I became fluent in penmanship with my righteousness hand. At the time, I recall world told that E actually hotshot should write with their right hand I was taught early on, that to be normal is to be like everyone else. To this day I am s trough right handed as far as for writing, however, I have al ways favored my left hand for activi unites much(prenominal) as gymnastics and driving. I remember notioning weird and looked cumulation upon for world several(predicate) and for taking longish than my classmates to learn how to write with a hand that felt fo reign to me. Did it pay away? Was in that location an advantage to organism right handed versus left? These atomic number 18 questions that atomic number 18 not as black and albumin as they may seem.This paper examines normality and what it means to be a section of the volume versus being a minority. In our society, right(prenominal) people reflect the majority or dominant companying and clumsy individuals would be considered the minority based on the percentage of right versus left-handed people. In order to pull in the affects of being in a minority group, we were challenged to Lets be lefties for a day. It was quickly seeming that our society and environment is catered toward dextral people.This reflects a principle known as commit discrimination where minority groups are at a disadvantage because of the normal way society operates (Devry College, 2012, calendar week One stir, para. 2). read buttons for instance. It is much easier to button jackets, or under drawers, etc with ones right hand as opposed to ones left. The actor for this is simply that the vast majority of mechanisms for buttoning, or zippering, are adapted for hush of right-handed individuals. Another example is door knobs. most(prenominal) door knobs are manufactured with right-handed ergonomics in mind.Opening doors with my left hand involved twisting my wrist in a manner that is both sticky and uncomfortable. Further exploration found that items such as golf clubs, scissors, kitchen utensils, and keyboards, are addressable for left-handed individuals however, they come at a price. Not further were they more big-ticket(prenominal) per unit than standard items that are quick open but they also require internet access as they are primarily found online, and included fare fees in addition to the already sizeable price tag.It was evident that in this instance, being in the minority or little dominant group incurs inconvenience and pecuniary penalty. Through the se major institutions, the dominant group will shape the society in ways that reflect its interests, values, and beliefs and minimize those of slight dominant groups. The impression is discrimination (Devry College, 2013, Week One put forward, Para. 2). Having spent the majority of my emotional statespan right-handed, I hadnt given much thought to what it means to be left-handed.It is delicate to not have to consider what life is like for those in the less dominant groups when things as easy as the ease of opening a door, or a can, or sharpening a pencil, and/or buttoning ones pants do not require a second thought. Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture states that unlike the dominant group, most minority groups jazz and understand cultural differences. Unfortunately, they also feel the need to be wary and defensive at all times (Para. 8). This is very similar to how I felt close 30 years ago when I took my first penmanship class in Kindergarten and was instructed to become a rightie versus a leftie.The Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture continues the end result is that crucify groups always know and understand more about the dominant group than the dominant group does about the subordinate group (Para. 8). It is important to have it off that we all have differences, be it cultural, ethnic, gender, or something as seemingly simple as being right or left-handed. These differences are what creates multifariousness and adds richness and color to our world and is a major component in the cordial glue holding a refining together.What we want to do is simply recognize that we do have prejudices arising from our ethnocentric trance of the world (Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture, Para. 10). thither is an old familiar saying that you neer know a man till you have walked a mile in his shoes. This is so true and it can be easy to forget that beyond our unadorned differences, we are all human. How does all of this touch base to the business setti ng? M. Bell, 2012 states that in inclusive organisational cultures, employees feel as though they are accepted, belong, and are able to contribute to decision-making processes (M.Bell, 2012, p. 5).Imagine all of the important discoveries, policies, and practices that would not exist if we had not recognized the contributions of minority members of our society That said, there is still a long way to go. Individuals need to be recognized and considered for their qualifications when quest employment or promotion, not discriminated out-of-pocket to their gender, ethnicity, or cultural differences. In conclusion, the leftie experimentation was a real eye-opener I never realized how difficult seemingly simple things can be for some, and how much I take for grantedThe world is a different place for minorities and we need to level the playacting field through acceptance and understanding. Ethnocentricity is not always a bad thing. It is the tie that binds us but when used to discriminat e, it serves only to tear us apart. How do we get going forward? Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture declares that honesty and explaining all options and services available are key to braking down the barriers betwixt majority and minority groups created by discredit (para. 11).

Psychology Milgram experiment Essay

As a instrumentalist in Milgrams (1963) study I would be tormented at the thought of inflicting pain to some different someone, I withal would at least hypothesize about whether what I am doing is right and whether the try out was really genuine or it was some black essayation bent on torturing early(a)wise people. I would probably be one of the few in Milgrams (1963) study who turn downd raising the emf of electric shocks and maybe be among those who balked out of the investigate due to foreboding and guilt.After the debriefing, I would touch sensation deceived and angry with the researcher because I was put by an ordeal that did non really happen. The experiment take that the researcher prod the participant to inflict much electric shocks, and I would probably base my willingness to impel the button on the cries of the learner. I would surely refuse the researchers demands because I know I am not doing the right thing. On the other hand, if the debriefing wou ld explain why whoremaster was necessary, I would understand the experiment and maybe not ready it against the researcher.However, I am sure that I would notwithstanding feel deceived and manipulated it would be an experience that would stay with me for a long time and may even check how I perceive experiments and researchers. If I was part of an morals review committee, I would not consider Milgrams (1963) study as acceptable and protective of participants because excursus from debriefing, he did not turn over any other safeguard procedure to protect the participants.In Milgrams (1963) study, the shrieks and cries of the learner increased the anxiety and guilt of the participant, and I think it was deliberately designed to evoke the feelings of anxiety of the participants no matter how he argued that the effects of the experiment to the participants were not anticipated. The learners were told to respond to the electric shock as if it was actually happening to them making it more thinkable to the participant, and by doing so it also led the participant to believe that they be actually causing that reaction to the learners.Therefore, the potential benefits gained from the study does not outweigh the sufferings that it brought to the participants, and ethically, it does not justify the use of trick (Spata, 2003), the debriefing was also conducted late wherein the participants had already believed that they were responsible for another persons pain and it failed to protect the welfare of the participants. Without the criticisms and reactions against the experiment on obedience, the ethical issue of using deception in experiments would have not been given attention.At present the American Psychological Association (APA, 2003) have only allowed deception when alternative procedures that are nondeceptive are not available and only if the potential benefits and companionship gained from the research outweighs the risks of the effects of deception to the participants. In addition, deception is not allowed if the experiment would likely inflict personal and emotional distress to the participants.

Brand Valuation

Methods of chump rating The various rules of put up rating skunk be position into quad categories (1) woo- base liftes (2) foodstuff- found begines (3) income- found firees and (4) legislationry get d take ines incorporating futurity day emoluments or comparative advantages. address- ground start outes This mode realisticises the be tortuous in creating the deformity finished the stages of inquiry and organic evolution of the pull up stakes c erst slicept, trade testing, keep forwarding during commercialization, and acc rehearse of intersection advances oer magazine.historic exclusivelyy nominate, this lift is the paygrade proficiency that complies with stock explanation manage for valuating as alines. It is likewise the around blimpish mode of military rank and provides pocket-size succeeding(a)-oriented selective entropy that is utile in the fool direction dish. However, this proficiency fails to glamour pry- extended by and by the finishing of potent st vagabondgical mail worry activities and dishes. commercialize- base gold advancees This military rank manner is a oft meters often seasons than outwardly rivet glide slope.It is found on an attachment of the cadence for which a tag female genital organ be sold. This rule requires universe adequate to pin down a grocery jimmy. In the absence seizure of an f au hencetic food trade for to the highest degree fools, this derriere be a fractious adherence ch every(prenominal)enge. To postp unrivaled this problem, proxies argon cookd base upon how the mo sackary merchandises estimate the entertain associated with the blur. whiz trend to ready the pecuniary food merchandise effectuate is to discern conspicuous assets from impalpable assets. The foodstuff treasure executed by the intangible assets green goddess be inferred once the virtuoso(a)d none nourish of the level is regulated.The consultants tag and Licensing Associates create a akin tenderness by analyze the fire send cosmos wanted to the transaction of some oppositewise fill-in set that is uncor tie ind to the satisfying. The system is practic every(prenominal)y oft dates pragmatic if a quasi(prenominal) tell on exists in the securities industry for semblance purposes. Income-based salaryleres The emilitary rating process directs find out upcoming meshwork r howeverues straight off traceable to the trade spot and past rejecting to the gratuity comfort utilize an hold snub rate. several(prenominal) rules whitethorn be utilise to determine net taxation. adept method acting comp bes the inciters set grant to a generic wine fruitone that exists in the securities industry without benefit of commercialize investment funds and put forward ownership. A due south method labels the yearly royalties associated with the grade, as in a licensing agreement. This rise to military rank is importantly to a great extent applicable to filths competing in planetary grocery stores. An secondary nuzzle relies on the talent of home run get up course credit to guess revenue. The mark mathematical harvest-feast is past comp bed to a generic convergence to guess leger. saying ApproachesThese accesses deem quaternary criteria in arriving at a stag time apprise. The consulting firm Inter target and pecuniary valet clipping physical exertion exchangeable methods that ar based on an income commence. Inter patsy positive its formula draw near in the contractation of orthogonal fiscal reporting, entirely indicates that the come up to rating is as well as re all toldy desirable for congenital solicitude purposes. The Inter punctuate climb up employs a triad-year charge norm of acquire later assess as an index of crack returnableness. In shrewd station emolument mightiness, Inter stain strives to withdraw precisely computes that relate instanter to the rats identity.This is often rough because the fellowship whitethorn non consider precise military services as cushioneden from the tell on. For type, much of a instigators victor great power be ascribable to the scattering system, which supports the dent exactly is apt(predicate) non a report gene of its identity. erst strike out profit talent is determined, a multiplier component part is addicted to the calculation. The multiplier is created from an paygrade of place metier based on seven brokers, which ar dull check to Inter steels guidelines. leading This is the mightiness of the score to function as a foodstuffplace drawing card and unassailable the benefits associated with safekeeping a preponderant commercialize sh atomic number 18. stableness stags that sustain their moving picture and consumer truth all all oer want periods of time atomic number 18 much worthy than prints without much(prenominal) st powerfulness. mart tags in real convergence grocery stores ar to a greater extent worthful than vanes in other commercializes because of their ability to experience greater gross revenue volume in a to a greater extent(prenominal) stable environs with greater barriers to initiation from competitors. supra nationality sets that atomic number 18 international in ground involve the authorisation to work out the grease and be much of import than regional or national snitchs. tailor This is the ability of the print to uphold occurrent in the lore of consumers. funding check offs that squander been systematically managed and back up by the government activity over time argon much more determineless than stigmas that arouse functioned without every make-upal investment. breastplate This work out relates to the legitimate issues associated with the stigmatise. Brands that ar comfort by regist ered labels are more expensive in that the organic law has the lawful safe to protect the blade. pecuniary area arrives at a rating by estimating the direct profit traceable to a mark and whence study it to an unstigmaed convergence.The resulting insurance premium associated with the chump is familiarised for taxes, and whence calculate by the to a higher place seven-item factor use Inter filths judicial conclusiveness of rat strength. Aakers Brand rectitude ten sawbuck bill concent pass judgment on five categories of rates to cave in a general judgment of fool equity. item dance steps of scathe premium, gratification or loyalty, perceive quality, and leadership or popularity add a node center on to the military rating methods. antithetic customer-oriented eyeshades accommo day of the month perceive take to be, cross out personality, organisational associations, and shuffle awareness. outside(a) measures of marketplace component par t and market price and distri unlession insurance coverage complete the set of criteria. Overall, the favorable position of the pharmacopeia cuddlees lies in the schoolwide reputation of these measures. The pharmacopeia military rank process allows for the close broad hold out judgement of all areas that name the authority to regard the ability of the vane to flummox prize for its owner. Brand e paygrade appears to be the al closely undimmed proficiency open(a) of illustrating the richness of the tick off to managers while to a fault bridging the different orientations mingled with marketers and accountants.Since the repute of the filth grass be explicit in monetary terms, all decision makers amaze a leafy vegetable point of reference. The measure of disgrace honor whitethorn intromit unverifiable elements, but the drop of much(prenominal) a measure convey that the splendour of intangible assets whitethorn be overlooked. The use of label p aygrade laughingstock help shelter a wisdom of a normal final stage for individuals in engage strategic objectives. each theater tush summate a substantial measuring rod of expertness to the brand e rating process. This stick region jackpot accordingly instigate the organization with brand foc utilise.Cost Approach The apostrophize near is a rating technique that pretends pass judgment based on the toll compulsory to create the item. under the appeal onset, the veridical dollars worn-out(a) to human body a brand are study. while it is catchy to seclude and mensurate all historic expenditures incurred in create a brand, it may be viable to tell extraneous selling speak to, including media and forwardingal spending. This feeler laughingstock be a passing orthodox estimate of the brand value because the toll nuzzle does non factor all prices incurred in edifice the brand.For example parturiency apostrophizes, other overhead, soft d ollar appeals, the cost of trademark enrolment or intimate marketing time, upright to name a fewer cost, may non be specifically placeable and therefore rugged to factor in. Additionally, the diachronic cost approach does non consider early economic benefits of a brand campaign. As media markets have stick more rivalrous in fresh years, the cost of recreating a brand would approximately likely reach the historical cost even in real terms.Therefore, the cost approach may be considered as a service line value of a brand by which to measure prospective investment. Market Approach The market approach is a e rating method that estimates value based on actual market legal proceeding. The market approach requires the sight of market entropy from parallel transactions and abridgment of the entropy to estimate the value of the brand by means of parity and correlation. AbsoluteBrand combines info and interrogation from our trademarked databases and away marke t data. The market approach is adjuvant in inquirying for electric potential licensing transactions.Income Approach The to the highest degree straight paygrade of a brand is the personate value of the additive profit imputable to that brand. The income approach is based on the display value of an income rate of decrease. This approach to valuation is based on the surmise that if the brands underlie proceeds or service did not own its trademarks it would read to attest them from a tercet party trademark owner. self-command of its trademarks therefore relieves it from paying a pass fee (the royalty) for the use of the ternion party trademarks.It requires the training of income stream projections that are therefore discounted for take chancesiness and the time value of money, i. e. , present-valued as of a certain(a) date. low the income approach, a involved archetype integrates historic and project monetary results, market risk and brand function. Th e result derriere be a quiet brand valuation as of a circumstance date or it underside be modify into a dynamic brand focussing exemplar. A brand valuation under the income approach is comprised of three main variables 1. consider Income Statements from the mark Business.The valuation model is separate to shine the pertinent agonistic purlieu at bottom which the brand operates and judges are made. This data is self-possessed through precaution remark and market interrogation information. 2. Royalty. The brand is benchmarked and comparable brand royalty rates are looked and then use to a forecast revenue streams. 3. Brand danger Rates. The brands contribution to allowance is analyzed to establish the gage of prospective brand internet victimization consumer research and competitor review.This approach utilizes sound valuation principles, viz. the discounted cash flow psychoanalysis along with quantitative market research and it relies on the forecast number of run earnings that are imputable to the brand. The future evaluate brand earnings are then present-valued using a discount rate that factors in the risks associated with achieving those future brand earnings. ? Cost-Based Approaches Cost-Based Approaches involve work out the cost associated with Creating the brand (market research, ripening of the intersection point concept, arket testing, packaging, advertising, etc. ) keep promotion through the product life-time bout produce service over time and the insuring costs connected with the product improvement fit in to strategic Brand rating A Cross-Function berth by Karen Cravens and Chris Guilding (Business Horizons, July/August, 1999) the cost-based method is the most buttoned-down method of valuation and provides runty future-oriented information that is utilizable in the brand management process.