MBA Waitlist Strategies for Business School Applicants

MBA Waitlist Strategies for Business School Applicants When people apply to business school, they expect an acceptance letter or a rejection. What they dont expect is to be put on an MBA waitlist. But it happens. Being put on the waitlist is not a yes or a no. Its a maybe. What to Do If Youre Put on the Waitlist If youve been put on a waitlist, the first thing you should do is congratulate yourself. The fact that you did not get a rejection means that the school thinks you are a candidate for their MBA program. In other words, they like you. The second thing you should do is reflect on why you did not get accepted. In most cases, there is a particular reason why. It is often related to lack of work experience, a poor or lower than average GMAT score, or another weakness in your application. Once you know why youre waitlisted, you need to do something about it other than wait around. If youre serious about getting into business school, its important to take action to increase your chances of getting accepted. In this article, well explore a few key strategies that might get you off the MBA waitlist. Keep in mind that not every strategy presented here will be right for every applicant. The appropriate response will depend on your individual situation. Follow Instructions You will be notified if you are put on an MBA waitlist. This notification usually includes instructions on how you can respond to being waitlisted. For example, some schools will specifically state that you should NOT contact them to find out why you have been waitlisted. If you are told not to contact the school, do NOT contact the school. Doing so will only hurt your chances. If you are allowed to contact the school for feedback, it is important to do so. The admissions rep may be able to tell you exactly what you can do to get off the waitlist or strengthen your application. Some business schools will allow you to submit additional materials to supplement your application. For example, you may be able to submit an update letter on your work experience, a new recommendation letter, or a revised personal statement. However, other schools may ask you to avoid sending in anything extra. Again, it is important to follow instructions. Do not do anything that the school specifically asked you not to do.   Ã‚   Retake the GMAT The accepted applicants at many business schools commonly have GMAT scores that fall within a particular range. Check the schools website to see the average range for the most recently accepted class. If you fall beneath that range, you should retake the GMAT and submit your new score to the admissions office. Retake the TOEFL If you’re an applicant who speaks English as a second language, it is important that you demonstrate your ability to read, write, and speak English at the graduate level. If necessary, you may need to retake the TOEFL to improve your score. Be sure to submit your new score to the admissions office. Update the Admissions Committee If there is anything that you can tell the admissions committee that will add value to your candidacy, you should do it through an update letter or personal statement. For example, if you recently changed jobs, received a promotion, won an important award, enrolled or completed additional classes in math or business, or accomplished an important goal, you should let the admissions office know. Submit Another Recommendation Letter A well-written recommendation letter may help you to address a weakness in your application. For example, your application may not make it obvious that you have leadership potential or experience. A letter that addresses this perceived shortcoming could help the admissions committee learn more about you. Schedule an Interview Although most applicants are waitlisted because of a weakness in their application, there are other reasons why it can happen. For example, the admissions committee might feel like they just dont know you or they aren’t sure what you can bring to the program. This problem could be remedied with a face-to-face interview. If you are allowed to schedule an interview with alumni or someone on the admissions committee, you should do so as soon as possible. Prepare for the interview, ask smart questions about the school, and do what you can to explain weaknesses in your application and communicate what you can bring to the program.

British economy in the 1930s essays

British economy in the 1930's essays How far can the fortunes of the British economy in the 1930s be explained in terms of British industrial decline? After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the economy of those countries dependent on trade collapsed due to the crisis in America. Britain was one of these countries. The aim of this essay is to establish the extent of the effect that Britains industry had on her economy after this depression. There is no doubt that the stock market crash had a profound and disastrous effect on the economy. Between 1929 and 1931 the value of British exports fell by 50%, and Britain had a trade deficit of 100 million. There were also 3 million people unemployed in 1931. All of this goes to show that at the beginning of the decade, the British economy was in crisis not because of industry, but because of the collapse of share values in America. Despite this, it was American investors that formed the majority of Britains new industries, such as the Ford car company and the Hoover Corporation. These industries, whilst booming in the South, totally bypassed the North of the country, and only provided 7% of employment in 1934. Therefore, these newer industries did not really have a significant effect on he economy as a whole. Throughout the 1930s, unemployment fell. However, although this may sound like a positive factor of the economy, the number of people unemployed never dropped below 1.5 million, and at its peak was 3 million. This high figure was due to the decline of traditional industries such as coal mining, steel production and shipbuilding. These were the very industries that had allowed Britain to attain such a position of power in the first industrial revolution. However, Britains policy of laissez-faire meant that other countries had the opportunity to catch up with her, and so increased competition and decreased demand led to the decline in employment in these areas. This drop...

Article 42 of the Un Charter on Use of Armed Force

It covers a plenty of fields. It also regulates the circumstances in which states may use armed force (traditionally termed ius ad bellum) and the way in which armed force is actually used ( termed ius in bello or the law of war, international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflict). Since its creation, the United Nations has helped resolve a number of conflicts, both regional and global. Unlike other organs of the United Nations, the Securty Council is the only body whose resolutions, when adopted under Chapter VII, are binding on all states. In respect of the enforcement powers under Chapter VII of UN Charter the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security was confered upon Security Council, in general we call it peace-keeping power. Boleslaw Adam Boczek argues in his book of International Law: A Dictionary , that the term â€Å"peacekeeping† does not appear in the UN Charter, and it is not entirely clear which of its provisions constitutes the legal basis for this kind of UN activity. As he explains further : â€Å"However, one can identify a number of articles concerning the powers of the Security Council (SC), including those specified in Chapters VI (pacific settlement of disputes) and VII ( Action with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace and acts of aggression), which could provide a legal basis for peacekeeping. † Whole concept of the Council â€Å"authorizing† states to use force gives rise to a number of questions. What is the scope of the mandate? How it is to be interpreted? What is its duration? Who is the authorized party? Lines of responsibility and accountability, and so on Unfortunately these questions ( which are closely linked to Art. 42 of UN Charter) only could be answered in a more all embracing workmanship. This paper took shape over the course of Public International law, which during even short period brought near lot of interesting views and topics. The paper is devided into chapters analyzing the Art. 42 itself, but also in coherence with all relevant articles of UN Charter. Article 42 of UN Charter ) The UN Charter as matrix of Art. 42 It seems likely that Article 42 of UN Charter can? t be taken in isolation. In particular its tied to Article 41 which simply said implies that UN would have tried something first. Also important Articles 39, 40 and 43 have to be taken into consideration (not just these). As the fundament, undoubtedly, Art. 2(4) arises, a supertemporal dogmata that make us more understand the purpose of UN Charter. Pursuant to this provision, al l members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force. Today this â€Å"cornestone of peace in the Charter† constitutes the basis of any discussion of the problem of the use of force. Even the fundamental notion of â€Å"force† is not completely undisputed where its extent is concerned. The term does not cover any possible kind of force, but according to prevailing view is force in Art. 2(4) limited to armed force. Rebecca Wallace is more pessimistic about this argument as she keeps asking if does Art. 2(4) only prohibit use of armed force?! Force can be economic or political. But what is an armed force? The armed forces of a party to a conflict are â€Å"all organized armed forces, groups and units which are under a command responsible to that Party for the conduct of its subordinates, even if that Party is represented by a government or an authority not recognized by an adverse Party. † So armed forces are to be â€Å"subject to an internal disciplinary system which, inter alia, shall enforce compliance with the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict. † Anyway, attempts to bring near the detailed framework of armed force could be eventually challenged in more exhausting elaboration on this topic. ) Authorising the use of force Exeptions to absolute prohibition on use of force are laid down in Chapter VII of UN Charter. Under these chapter there are two circumstances in which the use of force is envisaged – particulary Articles 42 and 51 of UN Charter. Article 42 also provides for the exercise of the authority conferred upon the SC under Art. 39 . The Security Council has a monopoly to authorise states to use force in inter-state relations in order to maintain world peace and security. If the SC considers that economic and diplomatic sanctions would be or have be proved to be inadequate, â€Å"it may take such action by air, sea or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blocades, and other operations by air, sea or land forces of members of UN. † As the second envisaged use of force is not by the SC, but by individual members or members acting collectively. Article 51 provides for individual or collective self-defence, in principle available after an armed attack has occured. As can be seen, article 42 does not provide for the use of force as a free-standing power or as an option of first-consideration, but only frames the use of force in relation to nonmilitary options. Article 42 would condition any use of force, including blockades, upon a UN Security Council determination that nonmilitary alternatives were inadequate or would be inadequate. Moreover, Article 42 limits such action to a specific targeted goal of maintaining or restoring international peace and security, perhaps as opposed to serving some other policy goal. It therefore could be argued that Article 42 action must dovetail with a principal of proportionality. This article represents a fundamental innovation with respect to the League of Nations Covenant. While the League Council could merely recommend that States apply armed force against an aggressor, this new article should be able to take necessary military measures itself. During the Cold War, the innovative character of Art. 42 had almost no impact. Before 1991, the only case in which large-scale military operations followed a decision of the SC did not fall under Art. 42. In the case of Korea, the SC merely recommended that States provide assistance to South Korea in repelling the North Korean attack on the basis of collective self –defence under Art. 51. In contrast, the authorization of the peace-keeping operation in the Congo in 1960-4 contained elements which arguably fell under Art. 42. Since 1990, however, the SC has made use of Art. 42 in a significant number of cases. Most prominent was the authorization of member States to repel the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, which followed an earlier decision to enforce economic sanctions against Iraq by a naval blockade. Also in 1992 SC enforced member States to take military action in support of the peace-keeping force in Somalia, and, in the following year, conferred enforcement powers on the peace-keeping force itself. As already mentioned, only towards the end of the 1990s, the SC again came to authorize larger operations on the basis of Art. 42. As an example, in 1997, it endorsed intervention of ECOWAS in Sierra Leone, when it decided to withdraw its forces from Sierra Leone in 1999, the SC established a large peace-keeping operation, endowed with powers to use of force that reached far beyond self-defence. Another UN peace-keeping operation was in the same year in Kosovo, likewise empowering to take forceful action on the basis of Chapter VII of the Charter. Thus, after some caution of the SC in the middle of the 1990s, Art. 42 has regained significance as a basis for enforcement action, though in a more limited way and with mixed success. 3) Requirements of Article 42 Art. 42 requires that, for military action to become possible, the SC must consider non-military enforcement measures to be, or have to been, inadequate. According to this formulation, its not necessary that non-military measures have previously been ordered and implemented. The option of the Art. 42 is rather supported on the basis of a prognosis of the ineffectiveness of measures under Art. 41. Also according to Art. 45, air force contingents should be available to the SC to facilitate action at any time, and that military measures will in any event have more rapid effects than economic sanctions. Nevertheless, because of the possible danger of an expansion of a conflict and the potential damage involved, the SC must consider very carefully whether military action can be justified, and whether principle of proportionality is also recognized. To this latter principle alludes the Charter in particular by the requirement that these may measures be necessary. 4) Measures As already mentioned, enforcement measures in Art. 42, (like non-military measures under Art. 41), they are carried out against the will of the state concerned. Measures pursuant to Art. 42, like all measures under Chapter VII, can be taken against any State if the SC considers such action conducive to maintenance or restoration of peace and security. According to type of measures, SC can take such an action by air, sea, or land . As videnced by the wording and the history, the list of measures contained therein is not exhaustive. On the other hand, Art. 42 covers not only operations involving combat against other armed forces, but also such action as demonstrations and blockades. In this context, demonstrations may be understood as demonstrations of strength intended to discourage potential peace-breaker from the use of armed force or its resumption, or to induce a change in its behaviour. The concept of blockade points to military action with a view to sealing off particular coasts or land areas. Such a blockade SC enacted in the case of Iraq, by allowing for the interception and inspection of all inward and outward shipping in order to ensure observance of the economic sanctions regime. Particular in the cases of Southern Rhodesia, Yugoslavia, Haiti and Sierra Leone. The implementation of the measures It wasn’t an exception that operations with mixed legal basis were created. In practice, this has sometimes led to severe operational problems, in particular with respect to the neutrality of UN troops and their capacity to engage in combat. Art. 2 vs. Art. 51 Practically the polemic arises with the relationship of military sanctions under Art. 42 of UN Charter to self- defence under Art. 51. Put differently, when is a legitimate use of force to be regarded as one rather than the other? This issue arose in sharp relief during the Gulf crisis of 1990. After a period of time it became apparent that Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait was unlikely to be achieved through economic sanctions. It became probable that military action would be needed to reverse the aggression that had occurred upon the Iraqi invasion. At first sight it would seem to be action under Art. 42 of the Charter. Certain members of the SC spoke frankly of their anxiety about the possible operation of the veto making it necessary to base any such action on Art. 51 rather than on Art. 42. If UN economic sanctions failed to secure Iraq? s withdrawal from Kuwait, could military force by way of collective self-defence be used to obtain the same objective? UK and USA insisted that such action would be justifiable under Art. 1 Action in self-defence could be taken without prior authorization of the SC, thus avoiding a possible veto. Do members effectively have a choice between characterizing military action as collective self-defence or as enforcement measures under Art. 42? Action under Art. 42 would bind the UN membership as a whole. From already mentioned case of the Korean precedent in 1950,it is clear that action which, by its nature, could have been characterized as an enforcement was in fact authorized as lawful by refere nce to collective self-defence. Moreover , resolutions in both cases, were mainly intended to provide greater legitimacy to the use of force by making it an action of the international community rather than one of individual states. Art. 42 vs. Art. 43 Art. 43 provides that all UN members undertake to make available to the SC â€Å"on its call and in accordance with a special agreement or agreements†, armed forces, assistance , and facilities. Later State practice confirms that view that the SC can authorise member States, in groups of individually, to use force despite the lack of agreements under this article. Moreover, in cases of Somalia and Rwanda, no other legal basis for the use of force, such as self-defence of consent of the State concerned, was available. Thus, States implicitly accepted the legality of the authorisation practise of the SC. This approach was not always free from critisism. Especially in 1990s, some States raised concern over the deviation from the original Charter conception by simply authorizing member States to use force. Most of them, however, did not object to the authorizations as such, but rather to the lack of SC control over the actual execution. State practice, in principle, has accpeted that Art. 42 allows for the mere authorization of the use of force by member States in the absence of agreements under Art. 43. Conclusion Most of experts agree that SC practise,in contrast, reflects to some extent the limitations on the authorization power of the SC as described above. So isn? t Art. 42 exceeded institute These are particularly difficult issues to concern about in such a short work like this is. In this essay I tried to infiltrate in the issue of authorization to use of force according to the wording of the Art. 42 UN Charter. As Rebecca Wallace keeps asking: â€Å"Can force be used to enforce a right when force is not employed against territorial integrity or political idependence Can force be used to protect human rights? † We can still see lot of disputes in this ambit. Finally, as somebody said that law is an organisation of force, maybe we should care ever more about how do we organise it.

Critically discuss the use of low glycaemic index diets in the Literature review

Critically discuss the use of low glycaemic index diets in the treatment of diabetes mellitus - Literature review Example 2010). The number of individuals suffering from diabetes is increasing and by 2030, the number of patients suffering from the chronic condition is expected to increase to three hundred and sixty million patients worldwide (American Diabetes Association 2012, 64). It is a major world threat as the annual health care expenditures for patients with diabetes is 11.5 percent of all the health care expenditure (Drouin et al. 2013, 68). According to Drouin et al. (2009), the condition has been associated with significant mortality and morbidity accounting for 7 to 9 percent of all deaths resulting from all comorbidities thus; it has become a top health care priority. The literature review focuses on the use of low glycemic index diets in diabetes mellitus treatment. The main reason for diabetes control is normalizing and stabilizing the levels of blood glucose, as glucose control has been linked to a decline of complications associated with the disorder. Common treatment remedies for diabetes include diet and weight control as well as physical activity. If the blood glucose levels remain relatively, high diabetes tables can be administered and in other cases, insulin injections and islets cell transplants are required (Kashikar & Tejaswita 2011, 23). According to Zhang et al. (2010), nutritional factors are key in affecting the blood glucose levels. Despite of the research conducted, there is no any recommended way for optimal diabetes dietary strategy. According to Thomas & Elliott (2009), the improvement in glycemic control that can be achieved through dietary interventions is fundamental in decreasing the diabetic complications, improving life among the affected, minimizing the expenses associated with diabetic medications, as well as increa sing their life expectancy. There are different carbohydrates each with different effects on

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Auditing - Essay Example The Big 4 dominate the auditing industry to such an extent that policy makers are worried about the effects of a possible reduction in their number. Questions such as pricing power, bargaining power, quality of audits, the independence of audited financial reports and other matters that usually attend to an oligopoly has bedevilled government regulators and industry experts alike. This paper looks at some of the outstanding issues facing an industry with few market players, especially on the possible scenarios when any of the Big 4 exits the market altogether for whatever reason. The Big 4 auditing and accounting firms, together with professional and accountancy organizations, are actively promoting positive reforms in both their accounting and reporting standards to improve credibility and confidence in audited financial reports. At present, these big four comprise an oligopoly that dictated prices for their services. In classical economic theory, this is an imperfect competition where a few sellers can manipulate prices if they want to. Economists call it as the concentration ratio or C4 in which the four biggest firms control more than 60% of an industry similar to aircraft manufacturing and telecommunications. In fact, a report by the General Accounting Office (GAO) of the US (renamed now to General Accountability Office in 2004) indicated concentration to be higher, approximately 78% of all the publicly-listed companies that constituted 99% of all public company sales (Bloom & Schrim 2005) and has serious implications with regards to the risks for collusion. The GAO report was commissioned in response to the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act the previous year and also due to concerns about the effects of audit mergers and consolidation on competition, cost, quality, pricing and the cherished principles of auditor independence. Due to the few market players in an oligopoly, the action of one market participant tends to be known by

Managing Business in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Business in Europe - Essay Example Though, there are lot of prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe, majority of the production of automobiles required for the European market is outsourced. The prominent automobile manufacturers in Europe are DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen (VW), BMW, Ford Europe, General Motors (GM) Europe, Renault, PSA (Peugeot-Citro'n), Fiat and Porsche etc. "The EU is the largest automotive production region in the world and the industry comprises 6.5 % of the manufacturing sector in the Union. Direct employment by the automotive industry stands at about 2.2 million employees, while the total employment effect (direct and indirect) is estimated to be about 12 million" (THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR, 2009). This report analyses; Influence of EU's policies on Automotive Industry; Influence of Single European Market or EMU on Automotive Industry; Opportunities and threats for Automotive Industry associated with the enlargement of the European Union; Automotive Industry strategies for Europe etc. The increasingly international setting of business makes it harder and harder to establish the boundaries of a national economy or even to separate the European economy from its global context (Wallace &Young, 1997, p.3) Globalization and liberalization policies have revolutionized the who world and the business strategies were redefined in order to meet the demands of a global world by many of the organizations. Separate co-operative sectors are working in most of the parts of the world in order to exploit the possibilities opened by globalization. EU is one of such co-operation aimed at the integration of the whole European region for the collective growth. The current focus of the EU institutions is on making the EU one of the most competitive markets in the world by 2010 and ensuring stable economic growth. Efforts to this end include investment in human capital, improvements in physical infrastructure and enhancement of available network in the transportation, telecommunications and energy sectors. To counter sluggish economic conditions compounded by uncertainties due to geopolitical tensions and international terrorism, the European Commission has endorsed economic growth initiatives including European Action for Growth (Country Industry Forecast - European Union Automotive Industry, 2004) EU has implemented lot of strategies in order to encourage the automotive industries in the European region and to make the region, the world's highest automobile manufacturing region. At present the Asia-Pacific region holds this position and the EU has taken every possible measure to capture the first position. Environmental legislation and recycling legislation are some of the strategies adopted by EU in order to raise the standards of automobile manufacturing in this area. "The EU emissions standards are compulsory in all EU Member States. The

Media, Culture & Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media, Culture & Identity - Essay Example People’s sense of social class, ethnicity, nationality and social identity is being constructed by the visual, auditory and symbolic material provided by the media (Kellner 1995, p.1). People’s identities are shaped by the images and information provided in the media. Hence, people’s opinion about people belonging to other countries, communities and religion is highly influenced by the images and information they see about those people on television and in movies. When people are repeatedly exposed to a particular idea through visual or auditory medium, they start believing in it as a ‘truth’. Hence, influencing people’s opinion and ideas by repeatedly exposing them to visual and auditory material of that idea has become a favourite weapon of the media. In the age of the media culture, where people’s identities are shaped by media images, when a certain community or religion is repeatedly portrayed as a threat to the peace of the world, it not only harms the image of that community but also generates a feeling of hatred, prejudice and anger towards that community. The community that is suffering from the harmful effects of the media culture is the community of Muslim people. People belonging to Islamic religion are facing hatred and misunderstanding in the Western countries because of the constant negative publicity in the Western media. It is this bias treatment of the Islamic community by the Western media that led Edward Said to develop the theory of ‘Orientalism’. Orientalism is a theory by Edward Said which proposes that the Eastern countries are highly misrepresented and misunderstood in the Western countries as the Western people are constantly getting exposed to the manipulated images and fabricated ‘news’ of the Oriental people through the Western media (Said n.d.) Edward Said, in his theory of ‘orientalism’, argues that the Western thinking about